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| Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Europe Ecology – The Greens |
| Native name | Europe Écologie Les Verts |
| Abbreviation | EELV |
| Founded | 13 November 2010 |
| Predecessor | The Greens, Europe Écologie |
| Headquarters | Paris |
| Ideology | Green politics, Social liberalism, Eco-socialism |
| Position | Left-wing |
| European | European Green Party |
| International | Global Greens |
| Colours | Green |
Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) is a French political party formed in 2010 from a merger of environmentalist movements and green activists. It links municipal, regional, and national campaigns with pan-European initiatives and has participated in legislative, presidential, and European Parliament elections. EELV situates itself within a transnational network of green parties and engages with figures from the environmental, cultural, and scientific spheres.
EELV emerged from the fusion of The Greens and the broader coalition built around Europe Écologie during the 2009 2009 European elections, which featured personalities such as Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Cécile Duflot, and Nicolas Hulot. The party formalised on 13 November 2010 amidst discussions involving activists linked to Réseau Action Climat, Les Amis de la Terre, and municipal leaders from Grenoble and Lyon. Early leadership included figures who had worked with the French Socialist Party in electoral pacts and local governance, while debates continued over alliances with Parti de Gauche and proximity to the NUPES coalition. EELV's development was influenced by environmental campaigns such as opposition to nuclear power projects and support for initiatives like the Grenelle de l'environnement, and by high-profile endorsements from cultural figures including Juliette Binoche and Yannick Jadot later becoming a presidential candidate.
EELV's platform synthesises Green politics, Eco-socialism, and elements of Social liberalism with policy proposals addressing climate mitigation, biodiversity, and sustainable urbanism. It advocates a phased reduction of nuclear reliance, expansion of renewable energy technologies like wind power and solar power, and transport reforms favouring high-speed rail projects such as those connecting Paris and regional capitals. On social policy, the party supports welfare measures inspired by European models exemplified by Nordic model debates and has promoted progressive taxation akin to proposals discussed in forums such as the European Parliament. EELV has engaged with international agreements including the Paris Agreement and has called for integration with European environmental directives from the European Union.
EELV is governed by a federal structure with national councils and local federations in metropolitan and overseas territories like Guadeloupe and Réunion. Leadership roles have been held by politicians such as Cécile Duflot, Nicolas Hulot (as ally and former minister), Ségolène Royal (ally at various times), and Yannick Jadot who served as a Member of the European Parliament and ran for the presidency. The party operates internal bodies resembling those of other European green parties like the German Green Party and maintains links with think tanks and NGOs such as Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales and Fondation Nicolas Hulot pour la Nature et l'Homme. EELV selects candidates via primary contests and internal congresses, and coordinates parliamentary groups in the National Assembly and the Senate when representation allows.
EELV's electoral record includes successes and setbacks across municipal, regional, legislative, and European contests. The party achieved notable results in the 2009 2009 European elections under the Europe Écologie banner, later consolidating municipal victories in cities such as Strasbourg, Nantes, and Lyon through alliances. In the 2012 legislative elections and the 2014 European elections results varied, with the party winning seats in the European Parliament and entering coalition governments at regional levels in regions like Île-de-France and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur contests via electoral agreements. In presidential cycles, candidates such as Yannick Jadot and endorsements of broader left coalitions have shaped vote shares, while performance in the 2017 legislative elections reflected national realignments around figures like Emmanuel Macron and movements such as La République En Marche!.
EELV is a member of the European Green Party and the Global Greens, forming part of transnational green coordination with parties such as Alliance 90/The Greens, The Greens (Belgium), and Green Party (Ireland). Domestically, the party has entered electoral alliances with the Socialist Party, the French Communist Party, and newer formations like La France Insoumise in various local and national contexts, while tensions have persisted over cooperation with centrist forces such as MoDem. EELV collaborates with civil society organisations, including Greenpeace and WWF, on campaigns concerning biodiversity loss and marine protection around regions like Brittany and Corsica.
EELV has faced criticism for internal discord, strategic choices regarding alliances, and candidate selections that triggered disputes with partners such as the Socialist Party. Environmentalists and economists have debated its stances on nuclear policy relative to energy security debates involving entities like EDF and regulatory frameworks shaped by the European Commission. Allegations of opportunism arose when some members accepted ministerial posts in governments led by figures like François Hollande, provoking rows with grassroots activists. The party has also been scrutinised over electoral pacts perceived to fragment the left vote in contests involving Marine Le Pen and the National Rally, and for managing divergent currents between urban municipal governance and rural environmental movements linked to organisations such as Confédération Paysanne.
Category:Political parties in France Category:Green political parties