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| Directorate-General of Taxes | |
|---|---|
| Name | Directorate-General of Taxes |
| Native name | Direktorat Jenderal Pajak |
| Formation | 1945 |
| Jurisdiction | Republic of Indonesia |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Chief1 name | Sri Mulyani Indrawati |
| Minister1 name | Ministry of Finance (Indonesia) |
| Website | Official site |
Directorate-General of Taxes is the central fiscal agency of the Republic of Indonesia responsible for tax assessment, collection, and enforcement. Established in the aftermath of Indonesian National Revolution institutions, it operates under the Ministry of Finance (Indonesia), interacting with international organizations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Monetary Fund. The office plays a pivotal role in domestic policy debates involving figures and institutions like Joko Widodo, Megawati Sukarnoputri, Bambang Brodjonegoro, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, and policy frameworks influenced by the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and International Finance Corporation.
The agency traces roots to fiscal arrangements during the Dutch East Indies era and transitional administrations like the State of East Indonesia and United States of Indonesia, evolving through post-colonial reform periods influenced by leaders such as Sukarno and Suharto. Reforms in the 1980s and 1990s drew on comparative models from the United Kingdom, United States, and Japan as part of structural adjustments associated with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Subsequent modernization phases referenced best practices from the European Union directives, Australian Taxation Office, and Canada Revenue Agency while responding to crises like the 1997 Asian financial crisis and policy shifts in the era of Reformasi and administrations of Abdurrahman Wahid and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
The institution is organized into directorates analogous to arrangements found in the Internal Revenue Service and the HM Revenue and Customs, with regional offices across provinces such as West Java, Central Java, East Java, North Sumatra, Bali, and Papua. Senior leadership liaises with cabinet members including the Minister of Finance (Indonesia) and parliamentary committees like the People's Representative Council (Indonesia). The structure includes divisions for large taxpayers modeled after Large and Medium Enterprise units in jurisdictions such as Germany and France, and specialized units for customs liaison comparable to the World Customs Organization. Administrative support functions coordinate with institutions like the National Police (Indonesia) and the Corruption Eradication Commission (Indonesia) on integrity matters.
Core responsibilities mirror mandates seen in tax authorities such as the Internal Revenue Service, covering income tax, value-added tax, and excise with statutory bases set by laws like the Income Tax Act and Value Added Tax Act (Indonesia). The agency administers tax policy implementation introduced by legislatures including the People's Consultative Assembly and the House of Representatives (Indonesia), and responds to fiscal policy initiatives from presidents including Joko Widodo and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. It engages with economic entities such as Bank Indonesia, Financial Services Authority (Indonesia), Indonesia Stock Exchange, and state-owned enterprises like Pertamina and Bank Mandiri on compliance and revenue forecasting.
Tax administration functions incorporate taxpayer registration systems akin to the Common Reporting Standard frameworks, taxpayer services inspired by Singapore and Malaysia practices, and compliance procedures comparable to the Australian Taxation Office. Collection mechanisms involve coordination with banking institutions such as Bank Rakyat Indonesia and Bank Central Asia and use of legal instruments consistent with statutes passed by the People's Representative Council (Indonesia). Large-scale initiatives have referenced digitization models from the European Commission and OECD guidance, and pilot programs have been informed by case studies from India and South Korea.
Enforcement units draw on investigative cooperation with entities like the Corruption Eradication Commission (Indonesia) and the National Police (Indonesia) and have pursued cases involving corporations such as Freeport Indonesia and conglomerates with links to families like the Suharto family era holdings. Compliance strategies use audit protocols influenced by International Monetary Fund technical assistance and peer reviews under the OECD and Asian Development Bank. Dispute resolution processes engage the Judicial Commission (Indonesia) and administrative tribunals alongside legal instruments shaped by landmark rulings in courts including the Constitutional Court of Indonesia.
Digital transformation programs include e-filing and e-payment platforms developed in consultation with technology firms, financial institutions like Bank Mandiri, and standards from the International Organization for Standardization. IT modernization draws lessons from implementations in Estonia, United Kingdom, and India and involves cybersecurity standards recommended by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and Interpol. Data exchange protocols align with OECD initiatives such as the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project and the Common Reporting Standard, enabling exchanges with jurisdictions including Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, United States, China, Japan, Germany, France, Netherlands, Switzerland, and Luxembourg.
The agency participates in bilateral and multilateral tax treaties, model conventions like the OECD Model Tax Convention and the UN Model Double Taxation Convention, and regional arrangements under the ASEAN framework. It negotiates mutual assistance and information exchange agreements with signatories such as United States–Indonesia relations, Japan–Indonesia relations, China–Indonesia relations, Australia–Indonesia relations, and engages with multilateral institutions including the World Bank, IMF, Asian Development Bank, OECD, and WTO on tax policy, trade-related taxation, and capacity building programs. High-level dialogues have involved ministers and delegations from countries like United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, South Korea, India, Brazil, Argentina, and South Africa.
Category:Taxation in Indonesia