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| Dine–Fischler–Srednicki | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dine–Fischler–Srednicki |
| Introduced | 1981 |
| Creators | Michael Dine, Willy Fischler, Miroslav Srednicki |
| Field | Particle physics, Cosmology |
| Related | Peccei–Quinn theory, Axion |
Dine–Fischler–Srednicki is a theoretical model proposed in 1981 addressing the strong CP problem by embedding a Peccei–Quinn theory within supersymmetric frameworks and proposing a cosmologically viable axion candidate. The model integrates ideas from Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theory, and Inflation (cosmology) to reconcile constraints from Big Bang nucleosynthesis, dark matter abundance, and astrophysical bounds. It has influenced searches at CERN, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, and numerous observatories.
The model arose in response to the Strong CP problem highlighted by Roberto Peccei and Helen Quinn and earlier discussions by Frank Wilczek and Steven Weinberg on the axion solution. Developed by Michael Dine, Willy Fischler, and Miroslav Srednicki amid contemporaneous efforts at Harvard University, University of Texas, and University of California, Santa Cruz, the proposal sought to combine Peccei–Quinn theory with Supersymmetry motivations advanced by Howard Georgi, Sergio Ferrara, Peter Fayet, and Jonathan Bagger. The framework addressed constraints articulated at conferences such as the Solvay Conference and publications in journals like Physical Review Letters and Nuclear Physics B.
The motivation also responded to cosmological implications outlined by Andrei Linde, Alan Guth, and Andrey Shaposhnikov regarding relics from Grand Unified Theories and the role of Inflation (cosmology) described by Guth and Albrecht and Steinhardt. The Dine–Fischler–Srednicki construction built on model-building techniques from Georgi–Glashow model discussions and on anomaly-cancellation considerations framed by Edward Witten and Curtis Callan.
The framework employs Supersymmetry representations and a global U(1) symmetry akin to Peccei–Quinn theory to produce a pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson identical in role to the axion discussed by Weinberg and Wilczek. It leverages superpotential engineering influenced by works from Nick Arkani-Hamed, Gian Giudice, Lisa Randall, and Riccardo Rattazzi to control symmetry breaking scales and couplings. Renormalization group evolution tools developed by Kenneth Wilson and Murray Gell-Mann guide the matching of high-energy Grand Unified Theory boundary conditions with low-energy effective theories.
The model analyzes anomaly structures in the spirit of Jackiw–Rebbi and Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomalies, and incorporates soft-breaking terms analogous to constructions by Savas Dimopoulos and Howard Georgi. Theoretical consistency checks reference stability analyses by John Preskill and Mark Wise and naturalness arguments discussed by Leonard Susskind and Gerard 't Hooft.
The particle content includes a pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson axion accompanied by supersymmetric partners: an axino and a saxion, echoing spectrum considerations from Martinus Veltman and Sheldon Glashow. The model situates these fields within chiral supermultiplets interfacing with Standard Model multiplets originally systematized by Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam in the Electroweak theory. Interaction vertices derive from superpotential terms akin to those in Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model constructions by Haber and Kane and Dimopoulos and Georgi.
Couplings to gluons follow anomaly-mediated interactions studied by Srednicki and Fischler themselves, while couplings to photons reflect computations reminiscent of Srednicki and Wilczek discussions. Decay channels and lifetimes reference methods developed by Sidney Coleman and Roman Jackiw and employ cross-section calculations utilized at LEP and Tevatron analyses.
Cosmological implications intersect with Inflation (cosmology) scenarios by Guth and Linde, affecting axion isocurvature perturbations constrained by Planck (spacecraft) and WMAP observations. The role of axions as dark matter candidates ties to relic density computations by Kolb and Turner and to structure formation results from James Peebles and Simon White. Thermal histories reference freeze-out and freeze-in paradigms advanced by Steigman and Griest.
Astrophysical bounds draw on energy-loss arguments pioneered in studies of SN 1987A by Hitoshi Murayama and analyses used in CAST discussions at CERN. Stellar cooling limits reference work by Georg Raffelt and John Bahcall, while black hole superradiance constraints follow analyses by William Unruh and Alexander Arvanitaki. Early-universe saxion and axino dynamics refer to reheating temperature considerations articulated by David Lyth and Andrew Liddle.
Laboratory searches connect to microwave-cavity experiments inspired by Pierre Sikivie and executed in experiments like ADMX, as well as helioscope efforts following designs used at CAST. Collider bounds reference searches at LHC experiments ATLAS and CMS, and earlier limits from LEP and Tevatron. Indirect astrophysical searches include X-ray constraints from Chandra X-ray Observatory and gamma-ray limits from Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.
Precision measurements and EDM bounds trace to experiments by Ronald Drever and John Cronin methods, constraining CP-violating phases discussed by Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa. Direct-detection technologies reflect instrumentation from ADMX and proposed projects at CERN and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
Variants extend the original construction to include Kim–Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov (KSVZ) and Dine–Fischler–Srednicki–Zhitnitsky (DFSZ)–like implementations connected to work by Jihn E. Kim and Mikhail Shifman, and to low-scale String theory axions from Edward Witten and Joseph Polchinski. Embeddings into Grand Unified Theory groups such as SU(5), SO(10), and E6 follow developments by Georgi and Fritzsch and interact with anomaly-cancellation strategies studied by Green and Schwarz.
Extensions incorporate Axion-like particle frameworks popularized by Nomura and Arkani-Hamed, and supersymmetry-breaking mediation schemes such as Gauge mediation by Dine, Nelson, Nir, Shirman and Gravity mediation by Nilles. Connections to String compactification by Kachru and Giddings and to Landscape (string theory) discussions by Susskind have produced a broad phenomenology that continues to guide searches at CERN and in astrophysical observatories.
Category:Particle physics theories