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| Daedongyeojido | |
|---|---|
| Name | Daedongyeojido |
| Caption | 19th-century Korean provincial map |
| Creator | Kim Jeong-ho |
| Year | 1861 |
| Type | map |
| Location | Joseon dynasty |
Daedongyeojido is a monumental 19th-century Korean map created by Kim Jeong-ho that sought to document the Korean peninsula with unprecedented detail, precision, and cultural annotation. Commissioned and compiled during the late Joseon dynasty, the work influenced later cartographic projects in East Asia and became central to modern studies in Korean studies, historical geography, and cartography.
Kim Jeong-ho produced a multi-sheet provincial atlas that consolidated earlier maps, surveys, and local gazetteers such as those produced by bureaucrats in Hanyang, Pyongyang, and Gaeseong, aligning to regional divisions like Gyeongsang Province, Jeolla Province, Gangwon Province, and Hamgyong Province. The atlas addresses administrative centers including Seoul, Kaesong, Suwon, and Chongjin, and integrates coastal features near Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and the waters off Jeju Island. As a work of the Joseon bureaucratic milieu, it reflects contemporaneous cartographic knowledge comparable to maps from Qing dynasty, Tokugawa shogunate, and survey traditions seen in Western cartography.
Compilation traces to Kim Jeong-ho's travels across routes connecting Hanseong, Andong, Dongnae, and Busan where he consulted local records like the gazetteers from Uiju, Chongju, and Cheongju. He synthesized data from earlier Korean maps such as those linked to Yi Dynasty officials and drew on Chinese sources linked to Daoguang Emperor era cartography and Japanese coastal charts from the Edo period. The work circulated among scholars associated with institutions like Seowon academies and officials in the Joseon Ministry of Personnel and Ministry of Taxation, provoking debates among figures akin to Park Ji-won-era reformists and Silhak scholars about empirical geography and statecraft.
The atlas employs a pseudo-projection system and an explicit scale noted on each sheet that approximates a consistent ratio across provincial plates, echoing scale practices found in European cartography used by mapmakers in France, Britain, and Netherlands. Topographic representation includes mountain ranges such as Taebaek Mountains and river systems like the Nakdong River, Han River, and Yalu River with settlements marked at port towns such as Incheon and Wonsan. Kim's cartography balances symbolic markers familiar to Confucian administrators with empirical distance notations similar to those used by military surveyors and naval charts of the era.
Sheets were produced using block-printing techniques on hanji paper, employing woodblocks carved by artisans in workshops connected to markets in Seoul and print houses with ties to families in Jangseong and Paju. Ink composition and paper sizing reflect materials traded through ports like Incheon and printed volumes circulated among collectors in Gyeongju and Jeonju. The atlas survives in variants including later reprints and copies distributed by scholars and collectors tied to institutions such as National Academy of Sciences-era predecessors and private compendia assembled by elites in Hyangyak networks.
Daedongyeojido enumerates thousands of place names ranging from provincial capitals like Jeonju and Daegu to smaller townships, fortresses, and temples including Hwaseong Fortress and Bosingak. Coastal annotations reference islands like Ulleungdo and maritime routes past Tsushima Strait and the Korean Strait, while northern extents border regions near Changbai Mountains and frontier localities adjacent to Manchuria. Place-name standardization draws on classical sources used by historiographers and local registries maintained under Joseon administration, reflecting orthography that links to lineages in Andong Kim clan and notable magistrates recorded alongside place entries.
The atlas influenced cartographic practice among later Korean mapmakers, served as a reference for late 19th-century reformers interacting with emissaries from United States and Russian Empire, and featured in debates during territorial negotiations involving Korea–Japan relations and perceptions shaped before events like the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 and Russo-Japanese War. Historians in modern institutions such as Academy of Korean Studies and National Institute of Korean History treat the work as a source for reconstructing premodern transport networks, settlement hierarchies, and environmental change alongside comparative studies with archives from Qing dynasty, Meiji Japan, and European consular records.
Surviving copies are held by repositories including national collections in Seoul National University, the National Museum of Korea, university libraries at Yonsei University and Kyujanggak, and private archives connected to families in Andong. Modern scholarly work employs high-resolution digitization, georeferencing against satellite imagery and contemporary GIS databases maintained by institutions like Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration and international collaborations with museums in London, Paris, and Tokyo. Conservation efforts address paper degradation typical of hanji and ink media, with interdisciplinary projects engaging specialists from conservation science, historians of East Asia, and cartographers reconstructing lost sheets and variant editions.
Category:Korean maps Category:Joseon dynasty