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| Copenhagen Economics | |
|---|---|
| Name | Copenhagen Economics |
| Type | Private |
| Industry | Consultancy |
| Founded | 1990s |
| Headquarters | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Key people | Johan H. E. Schultz, Morten I. Pedersen |
| Products | Economic analysis, policy advice, competition economics |
Copenhagen Economics is a European economic consultancy headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark, providing policy advice, competition analysis, regulatory assessment, and market studies. It serves clients across the European Union, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, national ministries, competition authorities, and private firms. The firm operates at the intersection of applied welfare analysis, industrial organization, and public policy evaluation, advising on matters related to antitrust, state aid, digital markets, energy markets, and trade.
Founded in the 1990s against the backdrop of post-Cold War integration and the expansion of the European Union, Copenhagen Economics emerged as a boutique advisory practice drawing on scholars from Aarhus University, Copenhagen Business School, and London School of Economics. Early engagements included competition cases referencing precedents from the European Commission and rulings by the Court of Justice of the European Union. During the 2000s the firm expanded alongside major policy developments such as the Lisbon Strategy and the enlargement rounds of 2004 and 2007, and contributed analyses relevant to directives emanating from the European Parliament. Over time the practice grew to serve clients involved in landmark proceedings before national competition authorities in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom as well as supranational bodies like the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Bank.
The firm is organized as a privately held partnership with offices in several European capitals and advisory hubs proximate to institutions including the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the European Investment Bank. Leadership combines practitioners with academic backgrounds from institutions such as University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Harvard University, and Stanford University. Governance follows typical professional services models similar to practices at firms like NERA Economic Consulting, Charles River Associates, and Compass Lexecon, while retaining independence akin to university-affiliated policy units in Scandinavia.
Copenhagen Economics offers services spanning competition economics, antitrust litigation support, merger simulation, market definition, state aid assessment, regulatory impact assessment, cost–benefit analysis, and sectoral studies for industries such as telecommunications, energy, transport, pharmaceuticals, and digital platforms. It provides inputs to cases involving entities like Google, Microsoft, Apple Inc., Amazon (company), and incumbent utilities in Denmark and Germany. The firm routinely prepares reports for institutions including the European Commission Directorate-General for Competition, national ministries of finance, regulatory agencies such as Ofgem, Bundesnetzagentur, and multilateral organisations such as the International Monetary Fund.
Notable projects include market studies and impact assessments used in antitrust inquiries, merger reviews, and regulatory reforms tied to high-profile dossiers associated with Google LLC and digital advertising, energy market design relating to the European Green Deal, and transport network analyses touching on firms like Deutsche Bahn. Publications range from policy briefs submitted to the European Parliament to working papers cited in hearings before the European Court of Justice and submissions to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on digital taxation and competition policy. The firm has produced empirical studies employing demand estimation methods used in cases involving Vodafone, Telefónica, and national postal incumbents, and has authored reports referenced in discussion of directives such as the Digital Markets Act and regulations tied to the Third Energy Package.
Copenhagen Economics applies quantitative methods including structural econometrics, demand estimation, partial and general equilibrium modelling, Monte Carlo simulation, and cost–benefit frameworks rooted in welfare economics. Analyses draw on data sources such as transaction records used in merger retrospectives, panel datasets referenced in empirical studies by scholars from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Yale University, and modelling techniques harmonized with guidelines from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the European Commission's competition and state aid toolkits. Work typically integrates legal standards from cases adjudicated by the General Court (European Union) and the Court of Justice of the European Union with econometric evidence in adversarial settings before authorities like the Competition and Markets Authority and the Bundeskartellamt.
Copenhagen Economics has been recognized for technical expertise in competition and regulatory analysis by clients including multinational firms and public agencies, drawing comparisons to established consultancies such as Brattle Group and Analysis Group. At the same time the firm has faced scrutiny typical for consultancy work in high-stakes cases, with debates about expert independence and the role of commissioned studies in policy processes similar to controversies that have surrounded consultancies in cases before the European Commission and national courts. Issues raised in public discourse have mirrored those seen in inquiries regarding expert evidence in antitrust litigation involving firms like Facebook and Intel Corporation, and have prompted discussions among academics from University of Copenhagen and policy analysts at the Centre for European Policy Studies about transparency, model assumptions, and peer review.
Category:Consulting firms Category:Economics organizations