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| Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior |
| Native name | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior |
| Formed | 1951 |
| Headquarters | Brasília |
| Parent agency | Ministério da Educação |
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A federal agency created in 1951, CAPES is a Brazilian agency responsible for promoting high-level postgraduate education and evaluating higher education programs, operating under the aegis of the Ministério da Educação in Brazil. It administers graduate scholarships, coordinates international cooperation with institutions such as UNESCO and World Bank, and implements policies affecting postgraduate training at institutions like the Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and Universidade Estadual de Campinas. CAPES interacts with research funders including the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo while influencing academic career paths linked to universities such as Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro.
CAPES was established in 1951 during the presidency of Getúlio Vargas with early collaboration from foreign advisers tied to programs like the Rockefeller Foundation and institutions such as the School of Advanced International Studies to expand postgraduate training in Brazil, initially focusing on sending scholars abroad to North American universities like Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Columbia University. Throughout the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985) era CAPES adjusted postgraduate priorities amid interactions with federal entities such as the Ministério da Educação e Cultura and research councils influenced by global developments including the Space Race and partnerships with the National Science Foundation. During the democratic transition linked to figures like Tancredo Neves and policies from administrations of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, CAPES expanded doctoral programs, consolidated evaluation systems inspired by international accreditation models used by bodies such as the European University Association and engaged in bilateral agreements with countries like France, Germany, China, United States, and institutions including the French National Centre for Scientific Research.
CAPES' stated mission aligns with national priorities set by the Ministério da Educação and involves fostering postgraduate training at master's and doctoral levels across institutions such as Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, and Universidade Federal do Ceará, promoting international mobility with partners like the Erasmus Programme, Fulbright Program, and bilateral agencies such as Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)'s interlocutors in Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Its functions include issuing scholarships similar to programs of the National Institutes of Health or European Research Council, evaluating postgraduate programs using criteria comparable to accreditation systems in United Kingdom and Canada, and advising public policies that affect institutions such as Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais and Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica.
CAPES administers scholarship lines that mirror international initiatives like the Fulbright Program, enabling placements at universities such as Oxford University, Cambridge University, University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford University, and runs programs for inbound scholars working with entities such as the Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada and Fiocruz. Notable funding streams include doctorates sandwiched between partnerships with organizations like the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)-linked consortia, scientific mobility accords with the China Scholarship Council, and thematic networks cooperating with institutions such as the Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná and the Agência Brasileira de Cooperação. CAPES scholarship recipients have undertaken research at laboratories connected to groups like CERN, observatories such as Observatório Nacional, and clinics tied to Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP.
CAPES implements an assessment system that classifies postgraduate programs using a multi-point scale applied to programs at universities such as Universidade Federal Fluminense, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, and Universidade Federal do Pará, drawing methodological inspiration from international mechanisms used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and accreditation practices at the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. Evaluation criteria include peer review from panels of scholars affiliated with institutions like Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, bibliometric indicators linked to databases such as Web of Science and Scopus, and output measures comparable to rankings produced by entities like Times Higher Education and QS World University Rankings. Decisions from CAPES affect program recognition, funding eligibility, and doctoral conferrals at schools such as Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo.
CAPES is organized with a board and advisory councils that include representatives from federal ministries and academic bodies such as the Conselho Nacional de Educação, Associação Nacional dos Dirigentes das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior, and university rectors from institutions like Universidade de Brasília and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Leadership appointments have been made by ministers including figures linked to administrations of Michel Temer and Dilma Rousseff, and governance mechanisms align with norms set by the Presidência da República and legal frameworks such as the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Operational departments coordinate international cooperation offices interacting with missions at foreign embassies in Brasília and networks like the Inter-American Development Bank.
CAPES receives budgetary allocations from the federal budget approved by the Congresso Nacional and administered via the Ministério da Educação, supplemented by donor cooperation from agencies like the World Bank and revenue from programs negotiated with state foundations such as the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro. Periodic budget adjustments have occurred during economic policy shifts under administrations of Jair Bolsonaro and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, influencing the scale of scholarship disbursements to universities including Universidade Federal do Paraná and Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.
CAPES' actions have contributed to growth in doctoral output at institutions such as Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and Universidade de São Paulo, while shaping academic careers in fields connected to research centers like Instituto Butantan and Embrapa. Controversies have arisen over evaluation outcomes affecting programs at universities like Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro and disputes involving editorial criteria for journals indexed in databases such as SciELO and Web of Science, provoking debate among scholars affiliated with associations like the Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência and unions representing faculty. Debates have also centered on internationalization policies, scholarship cuts during austerity episodes associated with budgetary measures approved by the Congresso Nacional, and allegations regarding concentration of resources among elite institutions including Universidade de São Paulo and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul.
Category:Brazilian federal agencies Category:Higher education in Brazil