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| Constitutional Amendment Process (Mexico) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Constitutional Amendment Process (Mexico) |
| Jurisdiction | Mexico |
| Document | Political Constitution of the United Mexican States |
| Adopted | 1917 |
Constitutional Amendment Process (Mexico) describes the legal procedures, institutional roles, and historical practice by which the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States is altered; it intersects with actors such as the Congress of the Union, the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico), the Senate of the Republic (Mexico), state legislatures like the Congress of Chiapas, and institutions including the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation and the Federal Electoral Institute.
The amendment process is grounded in the Constitution of 1917, balancing federal authority exemplified by the Federal District (Mexico) and state autonomy visible in bodies such as the Congress of Jalisco and Congress of Oaxaca; it involves legislative proposals from deputies or senators, executive initiatives from the President of Mexico, and popular instruments historically linked to reforms during eras like the Mexican Revolution and the administrations of presidents including Venustiano Carranza and Lázaro Cárdenas del Río.
Legal authority derives from specific articles of the Constitution of 1917 and norms shaped by jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation and precedents from cases involving institutions such as the Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) and statutes like the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration; reform procedures are influenced by political practices in the Institutional Revolutionary Party era and subsequent multiparty periods involving the National Action Party (Mexico) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution.
Amendments vary from ordinary reforms to constitutional amendments affecting fundamental rights found in articles amended during reforms such as the 2011 human rights package and structural changes in sectors like energy involving actors such as Petróleos Mexicanos and laws influenced by the North American Free Trade Agreement debates; exceptional measures have included constitutional replacements at state level, and distinctions exist between partial reforms, transitory articles, and reforms requiring special majorities as seen in constitutional changes under presidents like Enrique Peña Nieto.
Proposals can originate in the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico), the Senate of the Republic (Mexico), or by initiative of the President of Mexico and require the administrative processing by bodies such as the Secretariat of the Interior (Mexico); political negotiations often involve party caucuses from entities like the National Regeneration Movement and legislative commissions mirroring committees in the Congress of the Union.
Approval requires affirmative votes in both chambers—majorities established in the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) and the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)—with procedures informed by internal rules of the Legislative Information System and precedents from legislative sessions during reforms supervised by officials such as the President of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) and the President of the Senate (Mexico).
After congressional approval, ratification by a majority of state congresses—similar to votes in assemblies like the Congress of Nuevo León or the Congress of Veracruz—is required, reflecting federalism debates involving entities such as the National Conference of Governors (México); ratification mechanisms have varied in practice and have been pivotal in regional responses to nationwide reforms seen during reforms in states like Mexico City.
The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation exercises constitutional review through amparo proceedings and controversies of constitutionality brought by actors such as state governments or the Attorney General of Mexico, with landmark rulings shaping doctrine and touching institutions like the Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) and matters adjudicated in cases involving rights protections expanded by previous reforms.
Notable constitutional reforms include post‑Revolutionary codifications tied to figures like Venustiano Carranza, agrarian and labor reforms under Lázaro Cárdenas del Río, economic and political reforms during the Miguel de la Madrid and Carlos Salinas de Gortari administrations, the 1990s political opening involving the North American Free Trade Agreement context, security and judicial reforms in the era of Felipe Calderón and Enrique Peña Nieto, and the recent changes under Andrés Manuel López Obrador that generated controversies litigated before the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation and debated in state congresses across jurisdictions such as Chihuahua and Puebla.
Category:Law of Mexico Category:Politics of Mexico Category:Mexican Constitution