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| Constituent Assembly of Bolivia (2006–2007) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Constituent Assembly of Bolivia (2006–2007) |
| Native name | Asamblea Constituyente de Bolivia (2006–2007) |
| Caption | Convening of the Constituent Assembly in Sucre |
| Country | Bolivia |
| Predecessor | Constituent Assembly of 1966–1967 |
| Successor | Plurinational Legislative Assembly |
| Established | 2006 |
| Disbanded | 2007 |
Constituent Assembly of Bolivia (2006–2007) The Constituent Assembly convened in 2006 and concluded in 2007 to draft a new constitution for Bolivia under President Evo Morales. The Assembly intersected with national debates involving the Movement for Socialism (Bolivia), regional自治 movements in Santa Cruz Department, and legal traditions tracing to the Bolivian Constitution of 1967. The process had wide implications for institutions such as the Plurinational State of Bolivia, the Supreme Court of Bolivia, and international actors including the Organization of American States.
The convocation of the Assembly followed the 2005 victory of Evo Morales and the ascendancy of the Movement for Socialism (Bolivia), building on mobilizations by CSUTCB, Bartolina Sisa National Confederation, and Federación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Cochabamba. The historical lineage included the Tinoco Agreement era, the legacy of Andrés de Santa Cruz, and constitutional moments such as the Bolivian National Revolution and the 1952 Revolution of 1952 (Bolivia). Regional actors like the Media Luna (Bolivia) departments, civic committees in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, and pro-autonomy coalitions shaped contestation. Internationally, actors including the United Nations, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and the European Union monitored rights-related provisions following precedents from the International Labour Organization conventions and the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States.
Delegates were elected in a process involving the Plurinational Electoral Court (Bolivia), provincial districts such as La Paz Department, Cochabamba Department, and Potosí Department, and quota rules influenced by movements like Confederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia. Prominent delegates included members of Movimiento al Socialismo, opposition figures from Nueva Fuerza Republicana, elites affiliated with Comité Pro Santa Cruz, indigenous leaders from Aymara people, representatives from Quechua people, and intellectuals linked to Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. The composition reflected parity pressures inspired by instruments such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and resulted in negotiation among factions including Unidad Nacional (Bolivia), regional autonomists, and civil society organizations like Fundación Milenio. Electoral controversies invoked institutions like the Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional precursor and generated appeals to the Supreme Electoral Tribunal.
Deliberations took place in Sucre, under procedural rules influenced by parliamentary practices from the Bolivian National Congress and comparative models such as the Constituent Assembly of Ecuador (2007–2008). Committees addressed modules including citizenship, natural resources, and judicial reform. Commissioners drew on legal scholarship from Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada critics, analyses by Luis Arce, and indigenous customary law advocated by leaders like Felipe Quispe. International legal advisers from organizations including the Inter-American Development Bank and the United Nations Development Programme provided comparative materials; scholars from Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno and Universidad Católica Boliviana contributed briefs. Sessions featured reference to precedents such as the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the Mexican Constitution of 1917 for decentralization and social rights frameworks.
The 2007 draft proposed renaming the country the Plurinational State of Bolivia and recognized collective rights of indigenous nations such as the Aymara people, Quechua people, and Guaraní people. Natural resource sovereignty clauses targeted hydrocarbons and mining sector governance, invoking entities like Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos and regulatory frameworks akin to Petrobras contracts. The draft reformed the judiciary by proposing changes to the Supreme Court of Bolivia and introducing elements of a selection system resembling models from the Argentine Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court of Colombia. Provisions on territorial autonomy responded to proposals from Santa Cruz Department civic groups and suggested competencies for departmental and municipal governments like La Paz (city). Social rights expanded protections for health and education referencing policies from Bolivia's Ministry of Health and proposals championed by Movimiento al Socialismo (Bolivia). The charter integrated concepts from the International Labour Organization regarding indigenous labor rights and drew inspiration from the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Contentious issues included the seat of government dispute between Sucre and La Paz, autonomy demands from Media Luna (Bolivia) departments, and clashes involving leaders such as Rubén Costas and Manfred Reyes Villa. Blockades and protests sparked confrontations with security forces reminiscent of past incidents like the Gas War (Bolivia). Accusations of procedural irregularities prompted interventions by organizations like the Organization of American States and scrutiny by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The role of party discipline within Movimiento al Socialismo (Bolivia) and opposition coalitions such as Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence generated legal challenges submitted to tribunals with references to the Constitutional Tribunal of Bolivia tradition.
The constitution approved in 2009—rooted in the 2006–2007 deliberations—led to institutional changes affecting the Plurinational Legislative Assembly, the Presidency of Bolivia, and the reconfiguration of departmental autonomy regimes in Pando Department and Beni Department. The transition influenced economic policy through ministries like Ministry of Hydrocarbons and Energy and social programs championed by Bolivian National Institute of Statistics. International relations were affected through renewed ties with Argentina and diplomatic shifts involving United States and Venezuela. Subsequent electoral reforms shaped contests involving parties such as Movimiento al Socialismo (Bolivia) and Comunidad Ciudadana (Bolivia), while constitutional litigation referenced precedents from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and national tribunals. The legacy continues to inform debates about plurinationalism, indigenous autonomy, and resource governance across Bolivia.
Category:Constitutions of Bolivia Category:2006 in Bolivia Category:2007 in Bolivia