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| Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico (CONDEPHAAT) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico |
| Formation | 1968 |
| Headquarters | São Paulo |
| Parent organization | Secretaria da Cultura do Estado de São Paulo |
Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico (CONDEPHAAT) is the state-level body responsible for a wide range of heritage protection actions in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, including listing, regulation, and oversight of heritage sites, movable assets, and cultural landscapes. Linked to the Secretaria da Cultura do Estado de São Paulo, it interfaces with federal institutions such as the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional and municipal bodies like the Prefeitura de São Paulo, while engaging with academic institutions including the Universidade de São Paulo and cultural organizations like the Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil. The council's decisions affect landmarks associated with figures such as Afonso Pena, Mário de Andrade, Oscar Niemeyer, and sites like the Museu do Ipiranga and Estação da Luz.
Created during the reform waves of the 1960s and 1970s that also produced entities such as the IPHAN and regional councils, the council's origins connect to debates around the Constituição de 1967 (Brasil) and state cultural policies influenced by intellectuals like Mário de Andrade and administrators linked to the Secretaria de Educação e Cultura. Early listings included colonial-era churches, industrial complexes tied to the Ciclo do Café and urban ensembles in cities such as Campinas, Ribeirão Preto, and Santos. Over decades the council responded to pressures from preservationists, developers represented by associations such as the SindusCon-SP and heritage advocates like the Associação Brasileira de Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural. Notable milestones include the protection decisions affecting the Centro Histórico de São Paulo, interventions in transportation heritage like Linha 1 (Metrô de São Paulo), and interactions with international frameworks exemplified by the UNESCO conventions.
The council's mandate derives from state law and administrative decrees, aligning with instruments similar to the Carta de Veneza and national statutes administered by IPHAN. Its competencies include the declaration of tombamento, regulation of interventions on assets connected to figures such as Pedro Álvares Cabral (monuments commemorating Discovery narratives), archaeological oversight related to sites with Indigenous heritage tied to groups in the Tupi–Guarani linguistic family, and evaluation of architectural works by architects like Tomás Taveira and Rino Levi. The council issues directives affecting museums such as the Museu Paulista, historical railways like the Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana, and ports including the Porto de Santos.
Administratively embedded in the Secretaria da Cultura do Estado de São Paulo, the council includes appointed members from universities such as the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, professional associations like the Conselho Regional de Engenharia e Agronomia de São Paulo, and representatives from municipal departments like the Departamento do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Municipal (DPHAM). Its sessions interact with technical committees composed of specialists in architecture, archaeology, and museology drawn from institutions such as the Museu de Arte de São Paulo and the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas. Leadership roles often coordinate with state secretaries and public officials linked to administrations of governors like Mário Covas and Geraldo Alckmin.
The council employs legal instruments including tombamento, registro, and approval of preventive archaeological measures consistent with practices from IPHAN and guidance emanating from international agreements like the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. It issues technical opinions on interventions in protected properties such as the Estação Júlio Prestes and historic residences tied to cultural figures like tarsila do amaral (note: institutional recordkeeping uses standardized name forms) and regulates adaptive reuse projects similar to transformations at the Mercado Municipal de São Paulo and cultural complexes modeled after the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil. The council also authorizes archaeological salvage during infrastructure projects like expansions of the Rodovia dos Bandeirantes and metro works linked to Linha 4–Amarela (Metrô de São Paulo).
Tombamento processes require inventories, technical reports, and public notices that reference comparative cases such as the listing of the Pelourinho in Salvador, Bahia and the registration of industrial heritage at the Complexo do Ipiranga. Proponents include municipal councils, NGOs like the IPHAN-SP affiliates, and academic research groups from the Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Decisions follow procedural steps akin to those used in the listing of Igreja de São Francisco churches, with appeals addressed through administrative channels involving the Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo when contested by developers represented by entities such as the Secovi-SP.
The council participates in conservation programs involving restoration of landmarks like the Museu do Ipiranga and urban recovery initiatives in the Centro Histórico de São Paulo, often partnering with foundations such as the Fundação Roberto Marinho and international cooperants like the Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento. Projects include archaeological excavations near colonial settlements, maintenance of landscapes associated with the Ciclo do Café in the Vale do Paraíba, and preventive conservation for movable collections in institutions like the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo and the Museu Afro Brasil. Funding mechanisms coordinate with state budgets overseen by the Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo and incentive frameworks comparable to cultural incentive laws used in projects by the Fundação Bienal de São Paulo.
The council has faced criticism from developers and political actors over perceived delays affecting projects by construction groups tied to Rogério Amato (example of private sector interests), disputes over authenticity in cases like contested restorations of works by Victor Brecheret, and tensions with municipal initiatives from the Prefeitura de Campinas. Scholars from institutions such as the Universidade Federal de São Carlos and advocacy groups including ICOMOS Brasil have debated transparency, participation, and technical capacity, while high-profile conflicts have arisen in interventions affecting sites linked to Ciclo do Café estates and industrial complexes in São Bernardo do Campo and Santo André.
Category:Heritage organizations of Brazil Category:Cultural heritage of São Paulo Estadual