Connected vehicle

Connected vehicle
City of Detroit · CC0 · source
Name	Connected vehicle
Type	Transportation technology
Introduced	21st century
Developer	Multinational consortiums and manufacturers

Connected vehicle

Connected vehicle systems integrate sensors, actuators, and telematics to enable vehicles to exchange data with other IBM, Intel, Google platforms, and infrastructure such as Siemens-managed roadways, enhancing situational awareness and coordination across networks. Major automotive manufacturers like Toyota, General Motors, Ford Motor Company, and Volkswagen collaborate with technology firms including Qualcomm, NVIDIA, and Bosch to deploy vehicle-to-everything services in pilot projects tied to initiatives from entities like the United States Department of Transportation, the European Commission, and the Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

Overview

Connected vehicle systems combine onboard computing from vendors such as Continental AG and Denso with communications standards promoted by organizations like the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project to support functions demonstrated in trials by United Kingdom departments and Singapore mobility pilots. The concept spans deployments by fleets from Uber, DHL, and Maersk as well as public transit operators such as Transport for London and MTA (New York City Transit), intersecting research programs at institutions like MIT, Stanford University, and TU Delft.

Technology and Components

Key elements include onboard units from suppliers like Harman International Industries and Aptiv, sensor suites using lidar from Velodyne Lidar, radar modules by Robert Bosch GmbH, and camera systems developed by Mobileye. Edge computing architectures leverage accelerators from NVIDIA and processors from Intel Corporation or MediaTek, while telematics control units integrate software from Microsoft Azure Vehicle Innovation and Amazon Web Services connected vehicle platforms. Powertrain integration involves collaborations with companies such as Bosch and Continental and aligns with electrification initiatives from Tesla, Inc. and NIO (company).

Communications and Networking

Wireless connectivity relies on standards like IEEE 802.11p developed alongside work at the ETSI and cellular-based C-V2X standardized by 3GPP during releases guided by European Telecommunications Standards Institute agreements. Network testing and spectrum allocation intersect regulatory agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and the International Telecommunication Union, and carrier deployments involve operators including Verizon, AT&T, Deutsche Telekom, and China Mobile. Routing and edge services use platforms inspired by research at Carnegie Mellon University, KAIST, and Imperial College London while mesh and multi-access edge computing approaches reference projects at Cisco Systems and Ericsson.

Applications and Use Cases

Common use cases include cooperative adaptive cruise control trials by Volvo Cars and Mercedes-Benz, platooning experiments involving Scania and Daimler Truck as well as intersection collision avoidance demonstrated in projects led by Caltrans and TRL (company). Mobility-as-a-Service integrations appear in initiatives with Lyft, Grab (company), and Bolt (company), while freight logistics and route optimization are explored by UPS and FedEx in collaboration with ports such as the Port of Rotterdam and railway operators like Deutsche Bahn. Public safety integrations connect emergency services in demonstrations coordinated with FEMA and NHS England systems.

Safety, Privacy, and Security

Safety assurance follows methodologies from ISO standards and testing regimes exemplified by NCAP programs managed by entities like Euro NCAP and IIHS. Privacy frameworks reference policies put forward by the European Data Protection Supervisor and laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation and standards from NIST; security practices draw on recommendations by ENISA and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, with threat modeling informed by research at RAND Corporation and The MITRE Corporation.

Regulatory and Standardization Framework

Policy and standard setting involve agencies such as the United States Department of Transportation, the European Commission, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (Japan), and consortia like the Car Connectivity Consortium and the 5G Automotive Association coordinate industry alignment. Certification and homologation intersect national authorities including the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and type-approval processes within the European Union legislative framework, while international harmonization engages the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations at UNECE sessions.

Challenges and Future Directions

Technical challenges include spectrum coordination under discussion at the World Radiocommunication Conference, cybersecurity resilience emphasized by ENISA advisories, and scalability issues noted in analyses from McKinsey & Company and Boston Consulting Group. Integration with automated driving stacks from Waymo and Cruise (company) and convergence with smart-city platforms led by Sidewalk Labs and Siemens suggest trajectories toward tighter coupling with 5G deployments, cloud providers Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure, and urban projects in Amsterdam, Singapore, and Shanghai. Continued evolution will depend on collaborative governance among stakeholders including manufacturers like Hyundai Motor Company, standards bodies such as IEEE, and funding programs like those run by the European Research Council and the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy.

Category:Transportation technology