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| Comune of Rome | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rome |
| Native name | Roma |
| Coordinates | 41.9028° N, 12.4964° E |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Metropolitan city | Metropolitan City of Rome Capital |
| Established | 753 BC |
| Mayor | Roberto Gualtieri |
| Area total km2 | 1285 |
| Population total | 2,800,000 |
Comune of Rome is the municipal entity that administers the city of Rome, the capital of Italy and the largest settlement in Lazio. It encompasses the historic core of Rome—including sites such as the Colosseum, Roman Forum, and Vatican City enclave—and extensive suburban and rural territory across the Tiber valley and the Castelli Romani. The municipality interacts with national institutions like the Italian Republic and regional structures such as the Lazio Regional Council and the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital.
The municipal lineage traces to ancient institutions originating in the legendary founding of Rome (753 BC) and the republican mechanisms of the Roman Republic, surviving transformations through the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the medieval communes influenced by the Holy See and families such as the Borgia and Colonna. Renaissance urban developments involved papal projects under Pope Julius II, Pope Sixtus V, and architects like Donato Bramante and Michelangelo Buonarroti; Baroque works emerging from patrons such as Pope Urban VIII and artists including Gian Lorenzo Bernini reshaped civic space. The modern Comune consolidated after the Capture of Rome (1870) and the Unification of Italy process under leaders like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II, later undergoing 20th‑century expansion linked to events such as the Lateran Treaty (1929), the Fascist period led by Benito Mussolini, and postwar reconstruction aligned with institutions like the European Economic Community and contemporary European Union membership.
The municipal territory spans riverine floodplains along the Tiber, volcanic hills of the Alban Hills and Monti Tiburtini, and coastal zones near Ostia Antica and Fiumicino Airport. Administrative subdivisions include rioni of the historic center (e.g., Trastevere, Monti), municipi such as Municipio I and Municipio X, and municipios incorporating localities like Ostia, Eur, Appia Antica, San Lorenzo, and Talenti. Protected landscapes within the comune involve sites like the Appian Way Regional Park and archaeological areas such as Baths of Caracalla and Catacombs of San Callisto.
Municipal governance operates under the Italian Constitution and statutes enacted by the Comune di Roma council, led by the mayor elected through direct popular vote; recent mayors include Virginia Raggi and Ignazio Marino. The municipal structure interacts with the Presidential Council of Ministers for national coordination and with agencies such as the Agenzia del Demanio for state property and the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma for heritage oversight. Administrative responsibilities span urban planning regulated in conformity with EU directives and national laws like the Italian Civil Code and involve collaboration with entities such as the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital and private bodies including ATAC and ENEL.
Population trends reflect growth from medieval concentrations in the historic center to modern suburbanization across neighbourhoods like EUR, Anagnina, Torre Maura, and Garbatella. Census data collected by Istat show diverse communities including immigrants from Romania, Philippines, China, Bangladesh, and Morocco, alongside longstanding residents from Lazio and other Italian regions such as Campania and Sicily. Demographic features include aging cohorts, student populations linked to institutions like the Sapienza University of Rome, University of Rome Tor Vergata, and Roma Tre University, and transient populations associated with tourism concentrated around landmarks like Piazza Navona and Spanish Steps.
Economic activity combines public administration tied to institutions such as the Italian Parliament (Palazzo Montecitorio), the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the Vatican City economy, with private sectors including tourism, fashion houses like Fendi and Giorgio Armani boutiques, film production at Cinecittà, and services linked to Leonardo S.p.A. and Eni. Transport and logistics connect via Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, Ciampino–G. B. Pastine International Airport, and the Port of Fiumicino, while technological parks and incubators collaborate with universities and companies such as Telecom Italia and TIM. Urban regeneration projects reference models used in EXPO 2015 and EU cohesion funding mechanisms.
Cultural institutions include the Vatican Museums, Capitoline Museums, Galleria Borghese, and performing venues like Teatro dell'Opera di Roma and Auditorium Parco della Musica. Rome's built heritage encompasses ancient monuments—Pantheon, Castel Sant'Angelo, Baths of Diocletian—Renaissance palazzi such as Palazzo Farnese, and Baroque ensembles like Trevi Fountain and Piazza di Spagna. Festivals and events involve the Roma Film Fest, Rome Marathon, and religious celebrations connected to St. Peter's Basilica and the Holy Year observances. Scholarly networks include the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and research centers at ISPI and CNR institutes.
Urban mobility combines metro lines (Rome Metro Line A, Rome Metro Line B, Rome Metro Line C), suburban railways like the FL lines and Roma–Lido railway, tram networks, and bus services operated by ATAC. Intermodal hubs link to high‑speed rail at Roma Termini and Roma Tiburtina stations served by Trenitalia and Italo. Road arteries include the Grande Raccordo Anulare ring road and radial routes such as the Via Appia, Via Aurelia, and connections to the A1 Autostrada. Cycling infrastructure and shared mobility systems integrate projects backed by the European Commission and urban policy instruments.
Public health facilities comprise hospitals like Policlinico Umberto I, Policlinico Gemelli, and Ospedale San Camillo, coordinated with regional health services ASL Roma. Education and research provision includes primary and secondary schools under the Italian Ministry of Education, higher education at Sapienza University of Rome, and cultural preservation managed by entities such as the Soprintendenza Capitolina. Urban planning addresses housing, green space preservation in parks like Villa Borghese and Villa Doria Pamphilj, and resilience measures for flooding of the Tiber and seismic risk following frameworks by Protezione Civile and EU resilience strategies.