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| Complex 37 | |
|---|---|
| Name | Complex 37 |
| Type | Mixed-use development |
| Location | Metropolitan District |
| Established | 20th century |
Complex 37
Complex 37 is a major mixed-use development located in an urban metropolitan area that integrates commercial, residential, and institutional components. It functions as a hub connecting transit nodes and cultural institutions, and it has influenced planning debates involving redevelopment, preservation, and economic regeneration. The site has attracted attention from global corporations, municipal authorities, and heritage agencies.
Complex 37 occupies a strategic urban parcel adjacent to transit corridors and waterfront promenades near landmarks linked to Times Square, Union Station, Grand Central Terminal, Pike Place Market, La Rambla, Canary Wharf, Pudong, Shinjuku Station, Châtelet–Les Halles, King's Cross, Gare du Nord, Antwerp Central Station, Hong Kong Station, Central Station, Roma Termini, Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Gare de Lyon, Seoul Station, Singapore MRT, Mexico City Metro, São Paulo Metro, Mumbai Suburban Railway, Beijing Subway, Tokyo Metro, MTR, Hong Kong International Airport, Heathrow Airport, JFK Airport, LaGuardia Airport, Frankfurt Airport, Schiphol Airport, Changi Airport, Dubai International Airport and adjacent cultural venues comparable to Lincoln Center, Southbank Centre, Tate Modern, Guggenheim Museum, Museum of Modern Art, Rijksmuseum, Louvre, British Museum, Uffizi Gallery, Prado Museum, National Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Centre Pompidou, Vatican Museums, Hermitage Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
The land parcel underwent phased redevelopment influenced by policies and actors similar to Robert Moses, Jane Jacobs, Le Corbusier, Daniel Burnham, Richard Rogers, Renzo Piano, Norman Foster, I. M. Pei, Zaha Hadid, Santiago Calatrava, Frank Gehry, Rem Koolhaas, Jean Nouvel, Tadao Ando, Bjarke Ingels, Kohn Pedersen Fox, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Foster + Partners, Atkins, Herzog & de Meuron, Arup Group, BuroHappold Engineering, SOM (architecture firm), Gensler, HOK (firm), Perkins and Will, and funding models resembling partnerships with World Bank, International Monetary Fund, European Investment Bank, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Export–Import Bank of the United States, Japan Bank for International Cooperation, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, BlackRock, HSBC, Barclays, Deutsche Bank.
Initial industrial uses were replaced by speculative commercial redevelopment during waves of investment like those behind Docklands (London), Battery Park City, Hudson Yards, Canary Wharf development, Porte de Clichy redevelopment, Pittsburg Waterfront redevelopment, Seaport District revitalization, and projects in Bilbao, Rotterdam, Marseille, Barcelona, Lisbon, Valencia, Hamburg, Genoa, Naples, Stuttgart, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Vienna, Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Copenhagen Harbour redevelopment, Oslo Fjord projects, Stockholm Waterfront, Helsinki Harbour development.
The masterplan blends high-rise towers, low-rise historic fabric, plazas, arcades, and atria designed with input comparable to practices at Institute for Urban Design, Royal Institute of British Architects, American Institute of Architects, International Council on Monuments and Sites, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS, and standards inspired by LEED certification, BREEAM, WELL Building Standard, Passive House, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, EU Green Building Programme, U.S. Green Building Council, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, ICLEI, World Green Building Council, Global Reporting Initiative.
Primary designers referenced modernist, postmodern, and parametric approaches associated with Mies van der Rohe, Louis Kahn, Philip Johnson, Oscar Niemeyer, Moshe Safdie, Eero Saarinen, Alvar Aalto, Richard Neutra, Charles Correa and contemporary firms noted above. Structural engineering solutions reflect innovations by John S. Allen, Conrad Roland, Fazlur Rahman Khan, Squire and Partners, Ove Arup, Maurice Koechlin, Gustave Eiffel, Isambard Kingdom Brunel-era precedents in integrating transport and commerce.
Complex 37 houses retail anchors and cultural venues similar to Harrods, Selfridges, Galeries Lafayette, Marks & Spencer, Isetan, Macy's, Nordstrom, Bloomingdale's, Saks Fifth Avenue, H&M, Zara, IKEA, Apple Inc., Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Facebook, Meta Platforms, Twitter, Tesla, Inc., Uber Technologies, Airbnb, WeWork, LinkedIn, Salesforce, Oracle Corporation, SAP SE, Siemens, General Electric, Boeing, Airbus, Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, BP, Shell plc, ExxonMobil, TotalEnergies, Chevron Corporation, Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz Group.
Public institutions analogous to Metropolitan Police Service, New York City Police Department, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Transport for London, Metropolitan Transportation Authority, National Rail, Deutsche Bahn, RATP Group, SNCF, JR East, Amtrak, VTA (Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority), Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority maintain offices or service points. Educational and research affiliates comparable to Columbia University, University of Oxford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, London School of Economics, University of Tokyo, National University of Singapore, Peking University, Tsinghua University engage through satellite campuses.
The complex connects to multimodal networks modeled on integration seen at Shinjuku Station, Kanazawa Station, JR Kyoto Station, Grand Central Terminal, St Pancras International, Gare du Nord, Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof, Union Station Los Angeles, Penn Station, Seoul Station, Hong Kong MTR, Singapore Changi Airport MRT, Paris Métro, Madrid Metro, Moscow Metro, Istanbul Metro, Delhi Metro, Bangkok MRT, Taipei Metro and regional express services like Eurostar, TGV, Shinkansen, AVE (high-speed rail), China Railway High-speed, Amtrak Acela, Caltrain, Metrorail (Washington, D.C.).
Last-mile connectivity includes bicycle networks inspired by Copenhagenize movement, Cycle Superhighways (London), New York City Department of Transportation cycling improvements, Strava Metro data planning, scooter-share pilots akin to Lime (company), Bird (company), Bikeshare (Citi Bike), and microtransit concepts resembling Via Transportation.
Complex 37 catalyzed retail and office leasing trends comparable to effects from Hudson Yards, King's Cross Central, Canary Wharf, Docklands (London), Pudong (Shanghai), La Défense, Zuidas (Amsterdam), Porte de Versailles revitalization and spurred attendance patterns linked to venues like Lincoln Center, Sydney Opera House, Royal Albert Hall, Madison Square Garden, Staples Center, Wembley Stadium, Nippon Budokan, Royal Opera House, La Scala, Garrick Theatre.
Its proximity to investment corridors affected real estate indices tracked by S&P 500, FTSE 100, Nikkei 225, Hang Seng Index, Shanghai Composite Index, DAX, CAC 40, Bovespa, MSCI World Index, driving debates mirrored in policy forums hosted by World Economic Forum, Urban Land Institute, Habitat III, UN-Habitat, OECD, European Commission, World Bank Group.
Redevelopment sparked disputes involving stakeholders similar to Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, Sierra Club, National Trust (UK), Historic England, The Architectural Review, The Guardian, New York Times, Financial Times, Wall Street Journal, Le Monde, El País, Der Spiegel, NHK, BBC News, CNN, Al Jazeera, Reuters, Associated Press, and legal challenges reminiscent of cases before Supreme Court of the United States, European Court of Human Rights, International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court over planning permissions, environmental assessments, displacement concerns linked to affordable housing advocacy by groups like Habitat for Humanity, Tenants Union, Community Land Trusts, and labor disputes involving unions comparable to United Auto Workers, UNITE HERE, Trades Union Congress, AFL–CIO, Service Employees International Union.
Security incidents and safety reviews prompted coordination with emergency services resembling London Fire Brigade, New York City Fire Department, Los Angeles Fire Department, Tokyo Fire Department, Paris Fire Brigade and prompted regulatory scrutiny akin to investigations by Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Health and Safety Executive (UK), European Medicines Agency in relation to tenant operations.
Category:Urban developments