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| Compiled Laws of Michigan | |
|---|---|
| Name | Compiled Laws of Michigan |
| Jurisdiction | Michigan |
| Subject | Statutory law |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Michigan Legislative Council |
| Citation | MCL |
Compiled Laws of Michigan.
The Compiled Laws of Michigan are the codified statutory compilation that organizes Michigan's enacted statutes into a systematic code used by jurists, legislators, and legal scholars. The compilation interacts with sources such as the Michigan Constitution of 1963, legislative enactments passed by the Michigan Legislature, opinions of the Michigan Supreme Court, decisions of the United States Supreme Court, and administrative rules promulgated by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and other executive agencies. As a reference work it is cited alongside reporters like Michigan Reports, North Western Reporter, and federal sources such as the United States Code and the Code of Federal Regulations.
The historical development of the Compiled Laws traces to territorial statutes enacted under the Northwest Ordinance, laws passed by the Michigan Territorial Council, and state enactments following admission to the Union during the era of President Andrew Jackson; subsequent codification efforts were influenced by model codes like the New York Consolidated Laws and reform movements tied to figures such as David Dudley Field and institutions including the American Law Institute. Major recodification occurred near the time of the Michigan Constitution of 1963 and was shaped by committees similar to those that produced the Uniform Commercial Code and revisions inspired by comparative work from the Restatement (Second) of Torts and statutory compilations in states like Ohio and Illinois.
The code is arranged into titles, chapters, and sections comparable to schemes in the United States Code, with topical groupings reflecting areas such as civil procedure, criminal law, and administrative law akin to subjects addressed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Model Penal Code. Cross-references point to instruments like the Michigan Court Rules, the Michigan Penal Code (MCL), and statutes affecting agencies such as the Michigan Department of Transportation, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and the Michigan Public Service Commission. The organizational framework mirrors practices used in compilations like the California Codes and the Texas Statutes while integrating legislative numbering conventions from the Congressional Record.
Publication is overseen by the Michigan Legislative Council and executed in official formats comparable to state publishers that produce annotated codes such as West Publishing and LexisNexis. The codification process follows legislative enacting sequences recorded in session laws like the Laws of Michigan, with editorials and annotations reflecting rulings from the Michigan Court of Appeals, interpretive guidance from the Attorney General of Michigan, and historical notes similar to annotations found in the United States Reports. Official certification procedures echo standards seen in compilations authorized by state legislatures such as the New Jersey Legislature and administrative rulemaking registries like the Federal Register.
Access to the code is provided through state repositories, law libraries at institutions such as the University of Michigan Law School, Michigan State University College of Law, and county courthouses; online availability parallels services offered by Michigan Legislature websites, commercial vendors like Westlaw and LexisNexis, and public portals modeled after GovInfo and Congress.gov. Print editions are maintained in archival collections comparable to holdings of the Library of Congress, while annotated commercial versions include editorial references to decisions from the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, scholarly commentary from the Michigan Law Review, and statutory histories analogous to those in the Yale Law Journal.
Courts at all levels in Michigan, including the Michigan Supreme Court and the Michigan Court of Appeals, rely on the compilation for statutory interpretation alongside precedents from the United States Supreme Court; attorneys cite sections in briefs filed before tribunals such as the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan and administrative hearings before agencies like the Michigan Administrative Hearings System. The code functions in tandem with constitutional provisions in cases referencing the Michigan Constitution of 1963 and federal constitutional law embodied in the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and doctrines shaped by cases like Marbury v. Madison and Cooper v. Aaron.
Amendments occur through legislative acts recorded in session laws and are incorporated via supplements comparable to pocket parts used by publishers like West Publishing; periodic revisions are undertaken by legislative committees and the Michigan Legislative Council with input from stakeholders such as the State Bar of Michigan, advocacy organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union and regulatory bodies including the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Codification of amendments follows procedures similar to statutory updating in states such as Pennsylvania and New York, and significant reforms have paralleled model enactments like the Uniform Probate Code and updates inspired by federal statutes including the Social Security Act.
The compilation derives its authority from statutes enacted under powers allocated by the Michigan Constitution of 1963 and must conform to limits set by constitutional provisions and judicial interpretation exemplified in rulings like In re Forfeiture of Property and decisions addressing preemption by federal acts such as the Supremacy Clause controversies resolved in cases like Gibbons v. Ogden. Statutory sections operate alongside constitutional articles governing institutions like the Governor of Michigan, the Michigan Senate, and the Michigan House of Representatives, and interplay with federal statutes such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and regulatory schemes enforced by agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency.
Category:Michigan law