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| Cogeret | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cogeret |
| Type | Artifact |
| Invented | Unknown |
| Inventor | Unknown |
| Introduced | Ancient |
| Manufacturer | Various |
| Origin | Various |
Cogeret
Cogeret is a term applied to a class of portable artifacts found across multiple archaeological contexts and ethnographic records. It appears in accounts associated with classical antiquity, medieval inventories, and modern collectors' catalogues, and is noted in regional surveys alongside objects catalogued by institutions such as the British Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Louvre, Vatican Museums, and Musée du quai Branly. Scholars at universities including Oxford University, Harvard University, University of Tokyo, University of Cambridge, and Sorbonne University have discussed cogeret in relation to trade networks, technological diffusion, and craft traditions.
The name appears in early lexica and travelogues and is compared to entries in the Oxford English Dictionary, Trésor de la langue française, and the Real Academia Española corpus. Philologists from University of Chicago and Universidad Complutense de Madrid have linked the term to roots found in medieval Latin registers archived in the Vatican Secret Archives and to lexemes recorded by explorers associated with the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company. Comparative work referencing the Encyclopaedia Britannica, the Dictionary of National Biography, and the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum has attempted to trace semantic shifts visible in descriptions housed by the National Library of France, the Bodleian Libraries, and the Library of Congress.
Archaeological reports from excavations at sites such as Pompeii, Nineveh, Mohenjo-daro, Çatalhöyük, and Knossos sometimes list objects analogous to cogeret within strata dated from the Bronze Age through the late medieval period. Fieldwork teams affiliated with the Institute of Archaeology (Oxford), the Peabody Museum, and the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale have published stratigraphic analyses referencing similar artifacts in reports distributed by the Journal of Archaeological Science, the Antiquity journal, and proceedings of the World Archaeological Congress. Historical records from mercantile archives of Venice, Alexandria, Constantinople, Lisbon, and Seville contain inventories and wills that mention portable items in contexts involving the Hanseatic League, the Mamluk Sultanate, the Ottoman Empire, and the Ming dynasty.
Design studies conducted at the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Rijksmuseum categorize cogeret into typologies: ceremonial, utilitarian, and hybrid forms. Typologies cite parallels with artifacts catalogued alongside works by makers from guilds in Florence, Ghent, Nuremberg, Zagreb, and Kraków. Industrial and artisanal variants are compared with pieces conserved by the Smithsonian National Museum of American History and the National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico), and exhibit labels at the Hermitage Museum and the Prado Museum describe stylistic affiliations to workshops linked to figures such as goldsmiths documented in the Guild of Saint Luke records and to patrons including Cosimo de' Medici and Isabella I of Castile. Modern adaptations appear in catalogues of design houses from Milan, London, New York City, Berlin, and Tokyo.
Analyses reported by laboratories at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, University College London, and the Smithsonian Institution employ microscopy, isotope analysis, and radiocarbon dating to characterize materials. Samples compared to reference collections at the Natural History Museum, London, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Musée de l'Homme suggest manufacture from metals catalogued in trade manifests of Hamburg and Genoa, ceramics associated with kiln complexes in Iznik and Niesky, and organic components similar to collections from Kew Gardens and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Conservation reports prepared with guidance from the International Council of Museums protocols detail joining techniques found in archives of the Getty Conservation Institute.
Ethnographers from institutions such as the School of Oriental and African Studies, the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, and the Field Museum have recorded uses of similar portable objects in ritual contexts in regions governed historically by the Byzantine Empire, the Safavid Empire, the Maya civilization, and the Austronesian peoples. Curatorial notes at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and the National Museum of Scotland reference functional roles in travel, trade, and ceremony paralleling descriptions in accounts by travelers like Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, James Cook, and Zheng He. Industrial archeology studies link later utilitarian types to workshops documented in the archives of the Industrial Revolution period firms recorded in Manchester and Lyon.
Museums including the National Gallery, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Art Institute of Chicago display cogeret-like pieces within narratives about identity, patronage, and exchange that reference exhibitions organized by curators formerly of the Tate Modern, the Centre Pompidou, and the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. Academic conferences at venues like Princeton University, Stanford University, and the University of Edinburgh address the object's role in networks involving collectors such as Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, Heinrich Schliemann, and John Woodruff Simpson, and in legal debates documented in cases adjudicated at courts including the European Court of Human Rights and national heritage tribunals. Cultural studies workshops linked to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization emphasize cogeret-like artifacts as symbols in repatriation, provenance, and conservation discourses.
Category:Portable artifacts