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| Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics | |
|---|---|
| Title | Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics |
| Discipline | Clinical pharmacology |
| Abbreviation | CPT |
| Publisher | American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics |
| Country | United States |
| Frequency | Monthly |
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics is a medical and scientific field concerned with the safe and effective use of medicines in humans, integrating pharmacology, therapeutics, and clinical practice. It synthesizes quantitative and translational research to guide drug selection, dosing, monitoring, and policy in settings ranging from primary care to tertiary referral centers. Leading institutions and figures contribute to the evidence base, including academic centers, regulatory agencies, and international consortia.
Clinical pharmacology intersects with institutions such as Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, University of Oxford, Stanford University, and University College London and engages agencies like the Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, World Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Foundational contributors include researchers affiliated with Karolinska Institutet, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and King's College London while professional societies such as the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, European Association of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, and British Pharmacological Society shape standards. Landmark works and figures in related history include investigators linked to Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureates, clinical trials like Framingham Heart Study, and major guidelines from organizations such as National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, World Bank, and United Nations health initiatives. Key journals beyond the specialty include The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, BMJ, and Nature Medicine.
Pharmacokinetics (PK) quantifies absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studied in laboratories associated with Roche, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Merck & Co. using methods developed by groups at MIT, ETH Zurich, University of Tokyo, Karolinska Institutet, and University of California, San Francisco. PK modeling utilizes tools and standards influenced by agencies including the Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and consortia such as the Critical Path Institute and computational initiatives at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and Sandia National Laboratories. Classic PK studies reference landmark trials at centers like Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and Massachusetts General Hospital and incorporate population PK approaches from teams at University of Pennsylvania, Vanderbilt University, and Imperial College London.
Pharmacodynamics (PD) examines drug effects and mechanisms with contributions from investigators at Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Broad Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. PD links to receptor science from groups at Max Planck Institute, Rockefeller University, Institut Pasteur, Weizmann Institute of Science, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Translational PD work spans oncology centers like MD Anderson Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and The Institute of Cancer Research and cardiology programs at Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Stanford Medicine, and Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Clinical pharmacology informs therapeutic strategies across specialties represented by hospitals such as Massachusetts General Hospital, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, and Singapore General Hospital. Treatment guidelines from organizations including American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and American Diabetes Association rely on drug evidence generated by collaborations among GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, and academic partners at Yale University, University of Toronto, University of Sydney, McGill University, and Seoul National University. Major clinical trial networks such as NIH Clinical Center, European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, and World Health Organization Solidarity Trial drive therapeutic advances.
Drug development involves pharmaceutical firms like Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Sanofi, and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company working with contract research organizations and regulators including the Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Health Canada, and Therapeutic Goods Administration. Preclinical research at institutions such as University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Imperial College London, Columbia University, and University of California, Berkeley feeds into clinical trial phases overseen by data monitoring boards and ethics committees modeled after standards from Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice, and initiatives led by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Wellcome Trust.
Pharmacovigilance systems coordinated by the World Health Organization, European Medicines Agency, Food and Drug Administration, Uppsala Monitoring Centre, and national centers track adverse drug reactions reported from hospitals including Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Groote Schuur Hospital, Tokyo University Hospital, and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Safety science draws on epidemiologic methods from cohorts like the Nurses' Health Study, Framingham Heart Study, and databases managed by Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Optum, and IBM Watson Health. Landmark safety responses have involved regulatory actions similar to recalls associated historically with firms such as Merck & Co. and GlaxoSmithKline and policy changes influenced by panels convened at Institute of Medicine.
Individualized therapy leverages genetics and biomarkers discovered at centers like Broad Institute, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine, and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, and integrates pharmacogenomics consortia such as the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium and projects like the 1000 Genomes Project and UK Biobank. Special populations studied include pediatrics at Great Ormond Street Hospital, geriatrics at Kaiser Permanente, pregnant populations followed by programs at Mount Sinai Health System, and transplant recipients managed at Johns Hopkins Hospital and University Hospital Heidelberg. Precision approaches draw on tools and frameworks from National Human Genome Research Institute, Precision Medicine Initiative, All of Us Research Program, and collaborative networks linking Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Sloan Kettering Institute, and UCSF Medical Center.
Category:Clinical pharmacology