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| Climate change in the United States | |
|---|---|
| Name | Climate change in the United States |
| Location | United States |
Climate change in the United States is the manifestation of global climate change phenomena within the territorial, political, and economic boundaries of the United States. Over recent decades the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration have documented rising temperatures, shifting precipitation, and increasing extreme events that affect the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Responses involve interactions among the United States Congress, the White House, state executives such as the Governor of California, and non-governmental actors including the Sierra Club and the Nature Conservancy.
The post-industrial rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases corresponds with data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change showing warming across the Lower 48 states, Alaska, and Hawaii. Historical analyses by the United States Geological Survey, the Princeton University climate group, and the Harvard University scientific community link fossil-fuel combustion in sectors tracked by the United States Energy Information Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency to long-term trends recorded at sites like Mauna Loa Observatory and in records by the National Climatic Data Center. Paleoclimate research from the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Geological Survey places recent changes against millennia-scale variability documented by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory.
Regional impacts documented by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, and the California Natural Resources Agency include sea-level rise affecting the Louisiana coast, permafrost thaw in Alaska, and drought-linked wildfires in California and the Pacific Northwest. Sectoral analyses by the United States Department of Agriculture, the Department of Transportation, and the Federal Aviation Administration show effects on crop yields in the Corn Belt and Great Plains, infrastructure stress in the Northeast megalopolis, and disruptions to supply chains serving ports like Port of Los Angeles and Port of New York and New Jersey. Public-health studies from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Johns Hopkins University, and the American Medical Association link heat waves in Phoenix, vector-borne disease shifts noted by the Rocky Mountain Laboratories, and air-quality changes in regions monitored by the California Air Resources Board.
Emissions inventories maintained by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Energy Information Administration attribute most U.S. greenhouse-gas output to sectors like electricity generation dominated historically by the United States coal industry and increasingly by the Natural gas industry, as well as transportation reliant on the United States Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Industrial sources tracked by the United States Steel Corporation and chemical producers regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration contribute alongside agricultural emissions overseen by the United States Department of Agriculture and methane releases from operations such as those of the ExxonMobil and Chevron corporations. State inventories, from the California Air Resources Board to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, complement national accounting reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Federal policy actions have involved executive initiatives from the Barack Obama administration and the Joe Biden administration, legislation debated in the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, and regulatory action by the Environmental Protection Agency under statutes such as the Clean Air Act. State responses include market mechanisms like the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative led by Northeastern states and cap-and-trade programs pioneered in California, while state-level statutes in New York and Massachusetts set renewable targets implemented by agencies like the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Litigation and administrative rulings involving the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts have influenced implementation of rules proposed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and actions by the Department of the Interior.
Adaptation planning appears in documents from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, municipal programs in cities such as New York City and Miami, and state-level strategies in California and Florida. Infrastructure investments funded through legislation debated in the United States Congress and administered by the Department of Transportation and the Army Corps of Engineers target coastal defenses at sites like New Orleans and floodplain restoration projects guided by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Research partnerships among the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Institutes of Health, and universities including the University of California, Berkeley inform resilience measures for water systems, energy grids managed by entities such as PJM Interconnection and California ISO, and public-health interventions coordinated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Economic assessments from the Federal Reserve, the Congressional Budget Office, and the Harvard Kennedy School estimate costs from extreme events insured by firms like AIG and State Farm and losses in sectors including agriculture represented by the American Farm Bureau Federation and tourism tracked by state tourism offices in Hawaii and Florida. Market responses shape investment decisions by institutional investors including BlackRock and corporate transition plans at firms such as General Motors and Amazon (company), while federal fiscal exposure involves programs administered by the Small Business Administration and disaster relief through the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Public opinion polling by the Pew Research Center, the Gallup Organization, and the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication shows variation across electorates represented in states like Texas and Vermont and has driven advocacy from organizations including the Sunrise Movement, the Sierra Club, and the League of Conservation Voters. Strategic litigation by the Environmental Defense Fund, states such as California, and municipal plaintiffs has produced cases in federal courts and appeals to the Supreme Court of the United States, while corporate and labor stakeholders including the United Auto Workers and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce engage policy debates at forums like the COP sessions attended by delegations from the United States Department of State.
Category:Environment of the United States Category:Climate change by country