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| Città Metropolitana di Torino | |
|---|---|
| Name | Città Metropolitana di Torino |
| Official name | Città Metropolitana di Torino |
| Settlement type | Metropolitan city |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Italy |
| Subdivision type1 | Region |
| Subdivision name1 | Piedmont |
| Established title | Established |
| Established date | 2015 |
| Seat type | Capital |
| Seat | Turin |
| Leader title | Metropolitan Mayor |
| Area total km2 | 6820 |
| Population total | 2,259,000 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
Città Metropolitana di Torino is an administrative metropolitan city in Piedmont, northern Italy, centered on the city of Turin. It succeeded the former Province of Turin and functions as a territorial entity encompassing a mix of alpine valleys, industrial plains, and urban municipalities; its territory includes major urban centers like Turin, historic towns such as Ivrea, and alpine resorts like Sestriere. The entity plays an important role in regional transport networks linking to Aosta Valley, Liguria, and Lombardy and is a nodal area for cross-border connections to France via passes such as the Colle del Moncenisio.
The metropolitan area spans the Po (river) basin and the western Alps, including the Graian Alps and foothills around Turin, with notable valleys like the Susa Valley, Val Chisone, and Val di Susa. Peaks such as Gran Paradiso and passes like the Colle delle Finestre characterize the highland zones, while rivers including the Po (river), Dora Riparia, and Dora Baltea shape the plains and hydrography. Key natural sites encompass parts of the Gran Paradiso National Park and protected areas near Moncenisio and the Orco Valley, and the metropolitan territory borders Metropolitan City of Milan and Metropolitan City of Genoa.
The area has ancient roots with Celtic Gauls and Roman sites like Julia Augusta Taurinorum evolving into Turin; medieval developments involved noble houses such as the House of Savoy and fortified routes like the Via Francigena. During the early modern period, the territory was central to the Kingdom of Sardinia and later the Kingdom of Italy, hosting events tied to the Risorgimento and figures like Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour. Industrialization brought factories linked to FIAT and financial institutions such as the Bank of Italy (Turin branch), while wartime episodes involved partisan activity connected to the Italian resistance movement in valleys like Val di Susa. Administrative reform in 2015 replaced the Province of Turin with the current metropolitan institution as part of national laws initiated by the Renzi Cabinet and reforms inspired by the Delrio law.
The metropolitan government is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor, a role held by the mayor of Turin ex officio, and operates through the Metropolitan Council and metropolitan conferences that include representatives from municipalities such as Alpignano, Moncalieri, Ivrea, and Collegno. Responsibilities derive from statutes aligned with national provisions enacted in legislation like the Law 56/2014 and interact with regional authorities of Piedmont and national ministries including the Ministry of the Interior (Italy). Inter-municipal coordination covers spatial planning, strategic projects with entities such as Città di Torino institutions, and cooperation with supranational bodies like the European Union for cohesion funding.
The metropolitan economy combines automotive and aerospace supply chains historically anchored by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and linked suppliers such as Magneti Marelli, with diversification into technology clusters tied to institutions like the Politecnico di Torino and research centers including Istituto Superiore Mario Boella. Traditional sectors such as agri-food production in zones near Pinerolo and tourism in Sestriere coexist with services concentrated in Turin—notable financial actors include regional branches of Intesa Sanpaolo and UniCredit. Logistics corridors following the A4 motorway and rail links to Milan and Genoa support freight through hubs connected to the Port of Genoa and alpine transit such as the Mont Cenis Tunnel.
The metropolitan population centers on Turin with surrounding municipalities including Ivrea, Pinerolo, Rivoli, and Chivasso contributing to a diverse urban and rural mix. Demographic trends reflect intra-regional migration, an aging population in alpine communes, and international immigration communities from countries like Romania, Morocco, and China concentrated in industrial zones and neighborhood districts such as Barriera di Milano. Cultural diversity is evident in religious sites including Turin Cathedral and community organizations linked to institutions such as Caritas Italiana and local NGOs.
Transport networks include high-speed and regional rail services operated by Trenitalia and Italo–NTV on corridors connecting to Milan and Rome, commuter lines such as the SFM Torino network, and major motorways like the A55, A32, and A4. The metropolitan area is served by Turin Caselle Airport (Aeroporto di Torino) with connections to European hubs and by freight terminals linked to the Turin Porta Susa and Turin Porta Nuova stations. Cross-border infrastructure projects include rail links through the Frejus Rail Tunnel and proposals for enhancements associated with the TEN-T network.
Cultural institutions center on museums and venues such as the Museo Egizio, Museo Nazionale del Cinema in the Mole Antonelliana, and the Reggia di Venaria near Venaria Reale; performing arts are represented by the Teatro Regio (Turin) and festivals like the Turin Film Festival. Architectural landmarks include Mole Antonelliana, Palazzo Madama, and baroque and neoclassical sites influenced by patrons such as the House of Savoy; sporting heritage is visible in facilities used by Juventus F.C. and motorsport events at circuits linked to Monza through regional calendars. The area hosts events like Salone del Libro and collaborations with universities such as the University of Turin and the Accademia Albertina for cultural research and preservation.