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| Chinyero | |
|---|---|
| Name | Chinyero |
| Elevation m | 1,560 |
| Location | Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain |
| Type | Cinder cone |
| Last eruption | 1909 |
Chinyero is a volcanic cinder cone on the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain. It is the site of the last volcanic eruption on Tenerife in 1909 and forms part of the northwestern volcanic rift of Tenerife associated with the volcanic complex of Teide-Pico Viejo. The eruption and the edifice are studied within frameworks used by researchers from institutions such as the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain), CSIC, and international volcanology groups.
Chinyero sits on the northwestern flank of Teide within the municipal boundaries of Buenavista del Norte and Los Realejos on Tenerife. The cone lies near the Teno Massif and the Orotava Valley, and is accessible via trails from the TF-21 road that connects Puerto de la Cruz and Vilaflor. The surrounding landscape includes laurisilva remnants, coastal cliffs of the Teno Rural Park, and the volcanic slopes leading toward Pico Viejo, Montaña Blanca, and the summit caldera of Teide. Chinyero forms part of Tenerife’s complex rift zones, which also include the NE Rift and S Rift alignments studied alongside Tenerife’s shield-building phases attributed to the Canary hotspot.
The 1909 eruption at Chinyero was the most recent subaerial eruption on Tenerife and is documented in contemporary reports involving observers from Santa Cruz de Tenerife and La Laguna (Tenerife). The eruption began with phreatomagmatic to strombolian activity, producing lava flows and extensive tephra that affected nearby settlements such as San Juan de la Rambla and agricultural areas toward Icod de los Vinos. Historical accounts and eruption chronologies are compared with earlier volcanic episodes recorded at Siete Fuentes, Montaña Negra (Tenerife), and older episodes in the Arafo region. Research integrates data from the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain), archival material held in Archivo Histórico Provincial de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and scientific analyses by teams from Universidad de La Laguna and international partners such as Universitat de Barcelona and Imperial College London.
Chinyero is a scoria cone built on basaltic lavas typical of the Canary Islands shield stage, with compositions ranging from basanite to alkali basalt akin to products at Teide, Pico Viejo, and the Tenerife rift zones. Petrographic studies identify phenocrysts of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase, and glassy groundmass textures comparable to samples from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura eruptions. Geochemical analyses performed by researchers from CSIC and Universidad Complutense de Madrid place Chinyero’s magmas within the isotopic space defined by Helium isotope signatures attributed to the Canary hotspot and mantle source heterogeneities studied in work associated with ETH Zurich and the University of Cambridge. Structural context links the cone to flank faulting and dike emplacement processes similar to those observed at Mount Etna, Kilauea, and Mauna Loa in comparative volcanology.
The 1909 event produced lava flows and ashfall that led to localized agricultural damage and temporary evacuations involving communities such as Los Realejos and Buenavista del Norte. Modern hazard assessments prepared by Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology-style methodologies emphasize lava flow pathways, tephra dispersal toward population centers like Santa Cruz de Tenerife and La Laguna (Tenerife), and secondary effects including wildfires and infrastructure disruption. Monitoring networks link the site to seismic arrays maintained by Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain), GPS campaigns coordinated with European Space Agency programs, and remote sensing used by NASA for thermal anomaly detection. Emergency planning references protocols comparable to those of United States Geological Survey and European Civil Protection frameworks.
Chinyero’s eruption in 1909 entered local oral histories and municipal records housed in Archivo Histórico Provincial de Santa Cruz de Tenerife; it influenced land use around Icod de los Vinos and San Juan de la Rambla and appears in regional literature and journalism from outlets in Santa Cruz de Tenerife and La Laguna (Tenerife). The site is included in educational programs at Universidad de La Laguna and features in itineraries promoted by the Cabildo de Tenerife. Cultural associations and local museums such as the Museo de la Ciencia y el Cosmos interpret the eruption within broader narratives about Canary Islands volcanism alongside exhibits on Teide National Park and ethnographic material from Guanche heritage.
Chinyero lies within or adjacent to several protected designations administered by the Cabildo de Tenerife and regional authorities, including protections related to Teide National Park and the Teno Rural Park biodiversity initiatives. Conservation measures engage agencies such as the Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica and research collaborations with Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias to manage trail access, habitat restoration, and geoconservation. The area is subject to regulations consistent with European Union environmental directives and is part of educational geotourism promoted by organizations like the Fundación Canaria Parque Nacional del Teide.
Category:Volcanoes of Tenerife Category:Protected areas of the Canary Islands