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| Chinese National Games | |
|---|---|
| Name | Chinese National Games |
| Native name | 全国运动会 |
| Established | 1959 |
| Frequency | Quadrennial |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Organiser | Chinese Olympic Committee |
Chinese National Games The Chinese National Games are the premier multi-sport competition within the People's Republic of China, bringing together athletes from provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, the People's Liberation Army, and national sports federations. Modeled on the structure of the Olympic Games and administered in coordination with the General Administration of Sport of China, the Games function as a national showcase for elite athletes including participants who compete at the Summer Olympics, Asian Games, World Championships (athletics), and World Aquatics Championships.
The inaugural edition took place in 1959 during the period of the Great Leap Forward and was intended to parallel national mobilization efforts and the creation of institutions such as the People's Liberation Army sports system and provincial sports bureaus. Subsequent editions were affected by political events including the Cultural Revolution, the reform era under Deng Xiaoping, and China's re-emergence on the global stage marked by accession to the International Olympic Committee movement and hosting rights for events like the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Over time the Games evolved alongside national campaigns such as the "Juguo Tizhi" talent identification model and reforms in the State Sports General Administration leading into the professionalization wave that produced stars like Li Ning, Liu Xiang, Yao Ming, and Sun Yang.
The competition is organized by a standing committee formed from members of the Chinese Olympic Committee, provincial sports committees from entities such as Beijing Municipality, Shanghai Municipality, Guangdong Province, and delegations from institutions like the People's Liberation Army and corporate teams including China National Petroleum Corporation sports clubs. Governance includes technical commissions drawn from national federations: Chinese Athletics Association, Chinese Swimming Association, Chinese Gymnastics Association, and the Chinese Basketball Association, which coordinate rules in line with international federations like World Athletics and Fédération Internationale de Natation. Oversight involves liaison with ministries and agencies such as the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for ceremonies and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission when stadium construction requires central enterprise involvement.
Editions have been staged in host cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Nanjing, and Jinan, each producing medal tables dominated by delegations from Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, Shandong Province, Beijing Municipality, and the People's Liberation Army. Results from athletics, swimming, gymnastics, and weightlifting have often mirrored international medalists such as Liu Xiang in hurdling, Sun Yang in middle-distance freestyle, and Zhu Ting in volleyball. Notable editions include the 1997 Games which coincided with the lead-up to China's bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2005 Games that paralleled preparations for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Medal leaders and breakout performers have advanced to competitions like the Asian Games and events staged by International Olympic Committee affiliates.
The sports program encompasses disciplines governed by international bodies: athletics (under World Athletics), swimming and diving (under World Aquatics), gymnastics (under International Gymnastics Federation), weightlifting (under the International Weightlifting Federation), and team sports governed by organizations such as FIBA for basketball and FIVB for volleyball. Traditional sports and events such as wushu and dragon boat racing reflect ties to bodies like the International Wushu Federation and the International Dragon Boat Federation. Demonstration and para-sport events have incorporated relationships with entities like the International Paralympic Committee and the Chinese Paralympic Committee.
Athlete selection is managed through provincial trials, national championships, and quotas set by each national federation including the Chinese Athletics Association and Chinese Swimming Association. Provinces such as Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, and Shandong Province operate high-performance centers linked to national sports schools and institutes including the Beijing Sport University, Shanghai University of Sport, and the Nanjing Sport Institute. Military athletes enter via selection from the People's Liberation Army sports teams, while corporate-sponsored athletes are sometimes selected through enterprise clubs affiliated with conglomerates such as China Mobile and China Life Insurance Company that maintain enterprise sports programs.
Host cities have invested in venues like the Beijing National Stadium, the Shanghai Stadium, the Guangzhou Tianhe Stadium, and newly built complexes in Jinan and Shenyang. Infrastructure projects have involved state-owned enterprises and design institutes such as the China State Construction Engineering Corporation and the China Architecture Design & Research Group. Transportation and accommodation coordination has leveraged authorities like the China Railway Corporation and municipal bureaus, while legacy planning has sometimes involved reuse for events like the Asian Games and university sport competitions such as the Universiade.
The Games have produced national records and landmark performances by athletes who later became international champions: sprint and hurdle marks associated with Liu Xiang, swimming records by Sun Yang, gymnastics breakthroughs reminiscent of Li Ning and Yang Wei, and weightlifting totals matching world-class figures like Qi Weizhong. Team successes in basketball have spotlighted players who moved on to the NBA such as Yao Ming and representatives who starred at the FIBA World Cup. Track and field and aquatic records set at the National Games have often been ratified by bodies including World Athletics and World Aquatics, contributing to China's medal strategies for events like the Olympic Games and the Asian Games.
Category:Multi-sport events in China Category:National multi-sport events Category:Sports competitions in the People's Republic of China