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| Centre for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Centre for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC) |
| Native name | Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos |
| Formed | 1995 |
| Headquarters | Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo |
| Parent organisation | National Institute for Space Research (INPE) |
Centre for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC) is a Brazilian federal research and operational institution focused on numerical weather prediction, seasonal forecasting, and climate research. Located in Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, CPTEC operates within the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) framework and links to national services such as the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy and civil agencies like the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil. The centre supports applied meteorology for sectors including agriculture, Embrapa, energy utilities such as Eletrobras, and disaster risk management bodies like Defesa Civil do Brasil.
CPTEC was established in 1995 during a period of institutional consolidation involving INPE and the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology. Early development drew on collaborations with international programs such as the World Meteorological Organization, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and bilateral ties with agencies like the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Founding projects aligned with national initiatives including the Plano Diretor de Meteorologia and partnerships with academic institutions such as the University of São Paulo and Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Over successive decades CPTEC expanded capability after events like the 1997–98 El Niño and international assessments such as the Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4), driving investment in supercomputing and model development.
CPTEC functions as a specialized center within INPE and reports to ministries involved in science and technology policy. Governance includes technical advisory boards with representation from institutions like the Brazilian Meteorological Society, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), and regional actors such as the State Secretariat for the Environment of São Paulo. Scientific leadership coordinates research groups in areas tied to operational partners including Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária and emergency management agencies such as Corpo de Bombeiros Militar. Funding and oversight intersect with programs led by the Brazilian National Congress appropriations and strategic plans set by the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
CPTEC performs operational numerical weather prediction, seasonal-to-decadal climate forecasting, and targeted research on phenomena like the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the South Atlantic Convergence Zone, and the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Operational products support stakeholders including Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo–Guarulhos, Petrobras, and the National Water Agency (ANA). Research lines encompass atmospheric dynamics, ocean–atmosphere coupling studies with inputs from the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center and paleoclimate reconstructions coordinated with the Federal University of Pernambuco. CPTEC publishes bulletins used by agencies such as Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and contributes expertise during extreme events like the 2010–2016 Brazilian droughts.
Model development at CPTEC includes regional and global atmospheric models, coupled ocean–atmosphere systems, and hydrometeorological modules developed in collaboration with ECMWF, NOAA, and academic partners like Copernicus. The centre operates high-performance computing resources acquired through initiatives involving FAPESP and national procurement linked to BNDES. CPTEC’s numerical suites integrate data assimilation systems, physical parameterizations for convection and microphysics, and ensemble prediction techniques inspired by practices at Met Office and Météo-France. Computational infrastructure supports experiments for seasonal forecast systems comparable to efforts by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and regional projects coordinated under the Group on Earth Observations.
CPTEC ingests observations from satellites such as those operated by INPE and international missions including GOES, METEOSAT, and Aqua (satellite), as well as in situ networks comprising radiosondes, surface stations managed by the Brazilian Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and oceanographic buoys from the Brazilian Navy. Data services provide tailored datasets to partners like ANEEL and research groups at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. CPTEC participates in regional observing networks alongside entities such as the Southern Ocean Observing System and contributes to global repositories coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization.
CPTEC runs training programs for meteorologists and students in collaboration with universities including University of Campinas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and international workshops convened with WMO and IOC of UNESCO. Outreach efforts involve briefing sessions for stakeholders such as Brazilian Agricultural Confederation and public communication during severe weather events coordinated with Agência Brasil. Collaborative research projects extend to international consortia like the Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability and Change program and bilateral agreements with institutions such as NOAA and ECMWF.
CPTEC established Brazil’s operational numerical weather prediction capacity, advancing forecasts used by Aviation Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center (CENIPA), utilities like Eletrobras Furnas, and sectors including agriculture represented by Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil. Its development of coupled models improved seasonal forecasts of the South American Monsoon System, informed policy responses to droughts affecting Minas Gerais and São Paulo (state), and supported research cited in IPCC assessments. CPTEC’s integration of satellite remote sensing from CBERS missions and collaborations with institutions such as Embrapa and FINEP have strengthened Brazil’s resilience to hydrometeorological hazards.
Category:Meteorology of Brazil