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| Catalogue of Galactic Open Clusters (Collinder) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Catalogue of Galactic Open Clusters (Collinder) |
| Author | Per Collinder |
| Year | 1931 |
| Items | 471 |
| Region | Milky Way |
| Type | Open clusters |
Catalogue of Galactic Open Clusters (Collinder) is a 1931 cataloguing work by Swedish astronomer Per Collinder that listed Galactic open clusters. The catalogue influenced later compilations and surveys in observational astronomy, informing projects at observatories and institutions and contributing to studies by researchers in institutions such as the Royal Observatory, Uppsala, Harvard College Observatory, Yerkes Observatory, and Mount Wilson Observatory. Its entries have been cross-referenced in modern databases maintained by organizations like the International Astronomical Union and projects at the European Southern Observatory and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Per Collinder compiled the catalogue during an era shaped by figures and institutions including Knut Lundmark, Arthur Eddington, Harlow Shapley, Heber Curtis, Edwin Hubble, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the Royal Society. The work followed the tradition of star catalogues such as those by Johann Bayer, Charles Messier, John Herschel, Caroline Herschel, and William Herschel, and paralleled efforts like the New General Catalogue by John Louis Emil Dreyer and the Index Catalogue. Collinder’s catalogue was contemporary with plate-based surveys produced at Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories and foreshadowed later photometric and astrometric campaigns by institutions including the Carnegie Institution, Leiden Observatory, and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
The catalogue enumerates several hundred open clusters with positions tied to equatorial coordinates used by the International Celestial Reference Frame and referenced in star charts from institutions such as the Royal Greenwich Observatory and the Bureau des Longitudes. Entries connect to prior identifications in the New General Catalogue, the Messier Catalogue, and regional lists from observatories like Lick Observatory and the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. Collinder’s list records apparent sizes, concentrations, and remarks analogous to descriptions in catalogues by Richard Proctor and William Huggins, providing metadata later incorporated into compilations by the Astronomical Data Center and the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
Collinder adopted a pragmatic nomenclature that assigned sequential numbers to open clusters, a system that interacts with designations used by Messier, NGC, IC, and modern identifiers in the SIMBAD database administered by the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Subsequent classification schemes developed by astronomers at institutions such as the Mount Stromlo Observatory, the Ondřejov Observatory, the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, and the Max Planck Institute refined parameters like age, distance, and richness. Standards from the International Astronomical Union and catalogs from the European Space Agency’s missions influenced the translation of Collinder numbers into modern catalogues such as the New Catalogue of Optically Visible Open Clusters and the Dias catalogue curated by astronomers at the University of São Paulo and other academic centers.
Several Collinder entries correspond to widely studied objects that overlap with well-known listings in the Messier Catalogue, the New General Catalogue, and surveys by Palomar and the Anglo-Australian Observatory. Examples include clusters associated with research on stellar evolution by teams at Harvard College Observatory, spectroscopic studies at the Kitt Peak National Observatory, and photometric programs at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. These entries have been subjects in investigations at institutions like the University of Cambridge, the California Institute of Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Princeton University, and the University of Chicago, and have figured in comparative analyses alongside globular clusters catalogued by John Herschel and the catalogues compiled by Harlow Shapley.
Collinder’s catalogue relied on photographic plates and visual observations typical of early 20th-century campaigns conducted at facilities including Mount Wilson Observatory, the Palomar Observatory, Lick Observatory, and the South African Astronomical Observatory. Later enhancements drew upon astrometric and photometric data from space missions and surveys led by the European Space Agency, NASA, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at Apache Point Observatory, the Two Micron All Sky Survey conducted by the University of Massachusetts and IPAC, and catalogs curated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Researchers at institutions such as the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the Leiden Observatory, and the Max Planck Institute combined spectroscopy, proper-motion studies, and distance determinations to validate and augment Collinder’s entries.
The Collinder catalogue served as a bridge between classical catalogues and modern digital databases, influencing work at the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, SIMBAD, the VizieR service, the International Astronomical Union, and survey projects at the European Southern Observatory and the Space Telescope Science Institute. It informed studies of stellar clusters by researchers at institutions like the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, and university departments at Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, and Chicago. Collinder’s numbering persists in cross-references used by catalogs compiled by Dias, Lynga, and Mermilliod, and the catalogue continues to appear in bibliographies maintained by observatories and archives associated with the Smithsonian Institution, NASA, and the European Southern Observatory.
Category:Astronomical catalogues Category:Open clusters Category:1931 publications