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| Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas |
| Jurisdiction | Brazil |
| Founder | Receita Federal do Brasil |
| Established | 1968 |
| Type | Cadastro fiscal |
Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas is the national taxpayer registry used to identify natural persons in Brazil for fiscal, civil and administrative purposes. Administered by the Receita Federal do Brasil, the registry issues a unique numeric identifier used across agencies such as the Ministério da Fazenda (Brazil), Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública (Brazil), and municipal secretariats like the Prefeitura de São Paulo. The identifier interfaces with systems maintained by institutions including the Banco Central do Brasil, Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social, Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, and private actors such as Cadastro Positivo participants and major banks like Banco do Brasil.
The registry originated during reforms under the Governo Costa e Silva era and evolved through policies influenced by actors such as the Ministério da Fazenda (Brazil), Superintendência da Receita Federal do Brasil reforms, and administrations including Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lula da Silva, and Michel Temer. Early fiscal tools paralleled initiatives in other jurisdictions like the Internal Revenue Service in the United States and the Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs in the United Kingdom. Over decades the system integrated with national projects such as the Cadastro Único and programs run by the Programa Bolsa Família and interoperated with civil registries like Registro Civil and identifications managed by the Departamento de Polícia Federal. Reforms during the 1990s and 2000s linked the registry to databases from institutions including the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and processes supervised by the Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais.
The registry is operated by the Receita Federal do Brasil through regional delegations and computerized platforms that interact with systems from the Banco Central do Brasil, Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social, and municipal tax offices such as those in São Paulo (city) and Rio de Janeiro (city). The identifier format and validation algorithms are maintained alongside standards used by the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral for voter registration and the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia. Data exchange occurs with entities like the Departamento Nacional de Trânsito and cross-referencing with registries such as the Cadastro Nacional de Condutores and the Cadastro Nacional de Empresas. Operational rules are shaped by administrative bodies including the Conselho Monetário Nacional and audited by organs such as the Controladoria-Geral da União.
Individuals obtain the identifier via channels run by the Receita Federal do Brasil and accredited partners like branches of the Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, and authorized post offices such as the Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos. Registration procedures intersect with civil records from the Registro de Nascimento and identity documents issued by the Secretaria de Segurança Pública and Departamento de Polícia Federal. Foreign nationals engage consular services at missions like Embaixada do Brasil em Lisboa or Consulado-Geral do Brasil em Nova Iorque for registration. The issuance process follows rules promulgated by authorities including the Ministério da Economia and technical standards aligned with organizations such as the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia.
The identifier is mandatory in transactions overseen by institutions like the Banco do Brasil, Itaú Unibanco, Bradesco, and in commercial registries such as the Federação do Comércio de Bens, Serviços e Turismo (Fecomércio). It is used in public programs administered by the Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social, Programa Bolsa Família, Sistema Único de Saúde units, and for electoral records maintained by the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. The CPF is required for interactions with tax authorities including the Receita Federal do Brasil, real estate registrations before cartórios like Cartório de Registro de Imóveis, and professional registrations at entities such as the Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil and Conselho Federal de Medicina.
Data protection debates involve bodies such as the Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados and legislation inspired by frameworks like the Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais. Cybersecurity incidents prompt responses from agencies including the Departamento de Polícia Federal, Ministério Público Federal, and private sector partners like Serpro. Fraud prevention efforts coordinate with financial regulators such as the Banco Central do Brasil and anti-fraud units at banks including Itaú Unibanco and Bradesco. High-profile breaches and misuse have engaged judicial organs such as the Supremo Tribunal Federal and prosecutors at the Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo.
Procedures for correcting, regularizing, suspending or canceling records are administered by the Receita Federal do Brasil and executed through service points including the Caixa Econômica Federal, Banco do Brasil, and municipal service centers like Poupatempo. Administrative appeals involve bodies such as the Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais and judicial review before courts like the Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região or Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Actions to block or cancel identifiers coordinate with registries handled by the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral and security screenings through the Departamento de Polícia Federal.
Legal bases are set by statutes and normative acts from the Congresso Nacional (Brazil), decrees from the Presidência da República (Brazil), and regulations issued by the Receita Federal do Brasil and the Ministério da Economia. Oversight and enforcement involve the Controladoria-Geral da União, Tribunal de Contas da União, and prosecutorial units such as the Procuradoria-Geral da República. Jurisprudence from the Supremo Tribunal Federal and rulings by the Superior Tribunal de Justiça shape interpretation, while sectoral compliance interfaces with standards from bodies such as the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia.
Category:Identification documents of Brazil