Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation
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| Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation |
| Native name | Правительство Российской Федерации |
| Formation | 1991 |
| Jurisdiction | Russian Federation |
| Headquarters | Moscow |
| Chief1 name | Prime Minister of Russia |
| Chief1 position | Chair |
Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation is the central executive body led by the Prime Minister of Russia seated in Moscow. It implements federal policies set by the President of Russia and interacts with the Federal Assembly (Russia), including the State Duma and the Federation Council (Russia). The Cabinet administers federal ministries such as the Ministry of Finance (Russia), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), and Ministry of Defence (Russia), coordinating with regional authorities like Moscow Oblast and Saint Petersburg.
Overview
The Cabinet functions as the collective executive apparatus alongside the Presidential Administration of Russia and federal agencies such as the Federal Security Service and the Federal Customs Service (Russia). Major members include the First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, deputy prime ministers, and ministers heading agencies like the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Education and Science (Russia), and the Ministry of Industry and Trade (Russia). The Cabinet interacts with international entities including the United Nations, European Union, BRICS, and bilateral partners such as China and India in areas from Roscosmos cooperation to energy deals with Gazprom and Rosneft.
Legal status and constitutional role
Under the Constitution of Russia the Cabinet derives authority from provisions allocating executive power to the President of Russia and the Government as defined by the Constitution and federal law such as the Federal Constitutional Law on the Government of the Russian Federation. The Cabinet’s legal modality is specified alongside the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation jurisprudence and legislative oversight by the State Duma via motions like no-confidence procedures and budget approval tied to the Federal Budget of Russia.
Composition and structure
The Cabinet comprises the Prime Minister of Russia, First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, several Deputy Prime Minister of Russia positions, and federal ministers leading ministries such as the Ministry of Economic Development (Russia), Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Transport (Russia), and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia). Supporting organs include the Government Office of the Russian Federation and advisory councils featuring figures from the Central Bank of Russia, State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, and the Federal Anti-Monopoly Service (Russia). Regional coordination occurs with entities like the Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District administrations.
Appointment and dismissal
The President of Russia nominates the Prime Minister of Russia subject to confirmation by the State Duma; subsequent ministerial appointments are made by presidential decree on the Prime Minister’s recommendation. Dismissal procedures include resignation motions initiated by the Prime Minister, presidential dismissal, and parliamentary no-confidence votes by the State Duma, with adjudication sometimes involving the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in disputes over competence or immunities.
Powers and functions
The Cabinet drafts and executes federal policies, prepares the Federal Budget of Russia, issues regulations and decrees within its remit, and manages public administration through ministries and agencies including Rosatom, Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities, and the Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia). It implements economic measures affecting corporations such as Gazprom, Lukoil, and Sberbank, conducts foreign policy coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), and oversees public services delivered in coordination with regional governors like those of Krasnodar Krai and Tatarstan.
Relationship with the President and Federal Assembly
The Cabinet operates under the political leadership of the President of Russia and must maintain legislative confidence with the State Duma. The President may chair government meetings or issue directives enforced by executive bodies including the Presidential Administration of Russia and security services like the Federal Protective Service (Russia). The Cabinet’s legislative agenda is subject to approval by the State Duma and oversight by parliamentary committees such as the Committee on Budget and Taxes (State Duma) and the Committee on International Affairs (State Duma).
Historical development and major reshuffles
The Cabinet evolved from the late-Soviet-era Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union and the early-1990s reform period under leaders like Boris Yeltsin and Viktor Chernomyrdin. Major reshuffles occurred during presidencies of Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev, with notable prime ministers including Mikhail Kasyanov, Mikhail Fradkov, Dmitry Medvedev and Sergei Stepashin. Structural reforms addressed crises such as the 1998 Russian financial crisis, the 2008 financial crisis, and responses to sanctions following the 2014 annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Cabinet composition has reflected shifts in influence among factions connected to entities like Siloviki, regional elites from Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, and technocrats associated with the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Higher School of Economics.