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| COSINE-100 | |
|---|---|
| Name | COSINE-100 |
| Country | South Korea |
| Location | Yangyang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea |
| Field | Particle physics, Astroparticle physics |
| Status | Active |
| Start | 2016 |
| Detector | NaI(Tl) scintillators |
COSINE-100 COSINE-100 is a dark matter direct-detection experiment located in Yangyang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, operated by an international collaboration including institutions from Korea University, University of Oxford, and University of California, Irvine, and designed to test annual modulation signals reported by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment and related anomalies such as those discussed at the Dark Matter 2016 conference and in publications by the XENON and LUX collaborations. The experiment situates low-background NaI(Tl) crystals within a liquid-scintillator veto housed in the Yangyang Underground Laboratory, with goals connected to claims about weakly interacting massive particles discussed in contexts like the PICO and SuperCDMS programs and debated in reviews by the Particle Data Group.
COSINE-100 was conceived to provide an independent test of the annual modulation signal claimed by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration and is framed within a landscape that includes experiments such as XENON1T, LUX-ZEPLIN, DEAP-3600, SENSEI, and ADMX, while engaging theoretical interpretations developed by researchers affiliated with institutions like CERN, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and the Institute for Advanced Study. The collaboration combines expertise from universities including Seoul National University, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and partners from Princeton University and Yale University, positioning the project amid broader efforts exemplified by initiatives at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory and the SNOLAB facility.
The experimental hall at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory provides overburden comparable to facilities like Boulby Mine and Canfranc Underground Laboratory, enabling low-background operation for the NaI(Tl) crystals assembled by teams from Duksung Women's University, Kyungpook National University, and collaborators from Los Alamos National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory. The detector array comprises multiple low-background thallium-doped sodium iodide crystals manufactured with materials screening comparable to campaigns performed by LZ and PandaX, with radioassay activities coordinated with groups at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and TRIUMF to reduce contaminants such as potassium-40 and lead-210 that are central concerns in backgrounds analyzed by the KamLAND and Borexino experiments.
The detector uses NaI(Tl) scintillators optically coupled to photomultiplier tubes similar to components used in projects at Super-Kamiokande and SNO, surrounded by a liquid-scintillator veto and passive shields inspired by designs from ZEPLIN-III and CRESST. Readout electronics and data acquisition systems were developed with input from groups at University of California, Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and University of Chicago to ensure low noise and sensitivity to keV-scale interactions comparable to thresholds targeted by CoGeNT and DAMA/NaI. Calibration campaigns referenced standards used at RAL and calibration sources employed in experiments such as CUORE and Majorana Demonstrator.
Data-taking began with continuous operations and blinded analyses patterned after protocols used by ATLAS, CMS, and neutrino experiments like T2K and NOvA, employing pulse-shape discrimination and coincidence veto methods analogous to analyses from PICO-60 and EDELWEISS. Analysis pipelines incorporated techniques from statistical frameworks used at Fermilab and the Institute for Nuclear Theory, with backgrounds modeled using Monte Carlo tools popular in the GEANT4 community and systematic studies informed by methodologies from IceCube and Auger Observatory collaborations. The collaboration performed unblinded searches for annual modulation and time-dependent effects using methods similar to those applied in long-baseline monitoring campaigns at Super-Kamiokande and seasonal analyses reported by Borexino.
Published results reported no statistically significant modulation consistent with the amplitude and phase reported by DAMA/LIBRA, aligning COSINE-100 conclusions with null findings from experiments like ANAIS, SABRE projections, and constraints reported by XENON100 and CDMS II, while stimulating theoretical work from authors at University of Chicago, Harvard University, and Princeton University who examined alternative dark matter models and detector-response hypotheses similar to those explored in studies connected to inelastic dark matter and mediator-based frameworks published from SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The results informed community discussions at workshops hosted by IHEP and influenced review articles commissioned by the European Physical Society and the American Physical Society.
The COSINE-100 collaboration brings together institutions including Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Sejong University, Chung-Ang University, University of Maryland, and University of Wisconsin–Madison, with funding and logistical support from agencies such as the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, national research councils analogous to National Science Foundation and European Research Council-funded projects, and coordination with infrastructure providers like the Yangyang facility operators and international partnerships modeled after consortia behind LIGO and ITER.
The collaboration plans upgrades and follow-on efforts including higher-purity NaI(Tl) crystal arrays and expanded veto systems in line with proposed efforts like COSINE-200 and parallel programs such as SABRE, pursuing improved sensitivity comparable to next-generation projects like LZ and DARWIN, while engaging theoretical groups at Imperial College London and Caltech to refine search strategies, and coordinating future results dissemination at conferences including ICHEP and the Moriond series.
Category:Dark matter experiments