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| Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Brazilian National Water Agency |
| Native name | Agência Nacional de Águas |
| Abbreviation | ANA |
| Formation | 2000 |
| Headquarters | Brasília |
| Region served | Brazil |
| Leader title | President |
Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) The Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) is the federal institution responsible for implementing national water resources policy in Brazil and managing the country's water use frameworks. It operates within the administrative and institutional landscape of Brasília and interfaces with state and municipal bodies, federal ministries, basin committees, and international organizations. ANA coordinates with institutions involved in hydrographic planning across the Amazon, São Francisco, Paraná, Tocantins-Araguaia and other river basins.
ANA functions as an autonomous federal agency linked to the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade and collaborates with entities such as the Ministry of the Environment (Brazil), National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANS?) and basin-level organizations. It maintains strategic relationships with multilateral institutions including the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and regional initiatives like the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization and Mercosur. ANA's remit spans technical, economic, regulatory and participatory mechanisms across river basins including the Amazon River, São Francisco River, Paraná River and Tocantins River.
The agency was established following public policy reforms that culminated in the Federal Constitution of 1988 reforms and the enactment of the National Water Resources Policy (Lei das Águas) embodied in the Water Resources Management Law (Law No. 9.433/1997). Its formal creation occurred in the context of policy consolidation alongside institutions such as the National Council for Water Resources, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and state water agencies in São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Paraná. ANA’s founding linked to broader environmental governance trends influenced by international conferences like the Earth Summit (1992) in Rio de Janeiro and initiatives driven by agencies such as the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources.
ANA’s governance structure incorporates an executive board and a collegiate council that interact with basin committees and state agencies including the São Paulo State Water Agency (DAEE), CETESB, and Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo. The agency coordinates with the Federal Public Ministry (Brazil), National Water Agency Council and technical units connected to the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center and the Brazilian Meteorological Institute (INMET). Leadership appointments involve the Presidency of Brazil and oversight by the National Congress of Brazil, while advisory input is provided by academic centers like the University of São Paulo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of Minas Gerais and research institutions such as Embrapa and INCT centers.
ANA is charged with issuing water use charges, granting permits, and implementing financial mechanisms in line with the Water Resources Management Law (Law No. 9.433/1997), working alongside agencies like the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels when hydropower and water allocation intersect. It interfaces with hydroelectric operators including Eletrobras, Furnas, Chesf and with infrastructure projects led by the Ministry of Mines and Energy (Brazil). The agency establishes technical standards in coordination with laboratories such as the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology and scientific networks at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.
Through basin plans and water resource agendas, ANA implements policies reflecting the principles of the National Water Resources Policy (Lei das Águas), integrating participatory mechanisms used by basin committees in the São Francisco Basin Committee, Paraíba do Sul Basin Committee and transboundary dialogues with neighboring states like Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. The agency contributes to national adaptation strategies aligned with the Paris Agreement and collaborates with the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation on climate resilience, drought contingency in the Northeast Region, Brazil and flood management in the Amazon Region.
ANA operates hydrometeorological monitoring networks and the national water information system, interfacing with platforms such as the Brazilian Water Resources Information System and data providers like INMET, the Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM), and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). It maintains databases for river discharge, reservoir levels, water quality and groundwater, supporting stakeholders including the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Company of Sanitation of Minas Gerais (COPASA) and utilities like Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (SABESP).
ANA manages national programs for revitalization of rivers, integrated water resources plans, and investment programs co-financed with the Inter-American Development Bank, World Bank, CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean, and bilateral partners such as the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Notable collaborations involve the São Francisco Basin Revitalization Program, integrated watershed management in the Pantanal, and transboundary water initiatives with Argentina and Paraguay.
ANA’s authority stems from federal statutes like the Water Resources Management Law (Law No. 9.433/1997), regulatory decrees issued by the Presidency of Brazil, and coordination with legal institutions such as the Federal Supreme Court (Brazil) and the National Congress of Brazil. It enforces instruments including water use permits, charges and basin plans, and its regulatory actions intersect with sectoral laws overseen by the Ministry of Health (Brazil), Ministry of Infrastructure (Brazil), and agencies managing environmental licensing such as the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources.
Category:Water management in Brazil