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| Birth Control Review | |
|---|---|
| Title | Birth Control Review |
| Founded | 1917 |
| Language | English |
| Country | United States |
| Frequency | Monthly |
Birth Control Review
The Birth Control Review was a monthly periodical established in 1917 that focused on contraception, sex education, reproductive rights, and public health debates in the United States. It served as a platform for activists, physicians, social reformers, and legal advocates to discuss methods, policy, and cultural responses to fertility control during the early to mid‑20th century. Contributors and subjects intersected with prominent figures and institutions in law, medicine, philanthropy, journalism, and social movements.
The journal emerged amid campaigns led by Margaret Sanger, affiliated organizations such as the American Birth Control League, and contemporaneous reformers connected to the National Woman's Party, Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and progressive philanthropists like the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation. It engaged with legal cases before the Supreme Court of the United States, debates in the New York State Legislature, and municipal health initiatives in cities like New York City, Boston, and Chicago. Contributors included physicians associated with institutions such as Johns Hopkins Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and researchers from universities like Columbia University, Harvard University, Yale University, and University of Chicago. The Review intersected with social movements tied to figures like Alice Paul, Emma Goldman, W. E. B. Du Bois, and journalists from outlets including the New York Times, Chicago Tribune, and Times of London.
Articles described contraceptive techniques advocated by clinicians at institutions such as Mount Sinai Hospital, Mayo Clinic, and research laboratories like the Rockefeller Institute. Topics ranged from barrier methods promoted by practitioners connected to Planned Parenthood Federation of America and the American Medical Association to hormonal approaches researched at universities including University of California, Berkeley and University of Pennsylvania. The Review referenced international developments involving authorities in London, Paris, and Berlin, and dialogues with reproductive experts linked to the World Health Organization and the League of Nations Health Organization. Discussions engaged with manufacturing firms, patent disputes before bodies like the United States Patent and Trademark Office and trade issues involving ports such as New York Harbor.
Coverage evaluated clinical trials and observational studies published in journals like the Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet, and British Medical Journal, citing work by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Cornell University, and Stanford University School of Medicine. The Review addressed complications reported in hospitals such as Bellevue Hospital and research ethics considered by committees modeled after Nuremberg Military Tribunals‑era reforms and later standards influenced by reports like those from the National Institutes of Health. Debates included safety controversies similar to later incidents involving devices reviewed by regulators like the Food and Drug Administration and legal actions invoking statutes adjudicated by courts including the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Policy analysis related to municipal health programs in municipalities like San Francisco, federal legislation debated in the United States Congress, and state statutes in jurisdictions such as New York (state), Massachusetts, and California. The Review tracked funding flows involving foundations including the Rockefeller Foundation, Gates Foundation, and early philanthropic donors like the Pew Charitable Trusts precursors. It documented advocacy campaigns coordinated with organizations such as Planned Parenthood, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and discussed service delivery models used by clinics in networks comparable to the Red Cross public health activities during epidemics like the 1918 influenza pandemic.
Essays engaged with moral and religious debates involving denominations such as the Roman Catholic Church, Episcopal Church, and reform movements tied to leaders like Pope Pius XII and later statements that would involve Vatican City‑based pronouncements. The Review published perspectives from feminist thinkers connected to Simone de Beauvoir, Betty Friedan, and activists in the National Organization for Women alongside critiques from conservative commentators appearing in outlets such as the Saturday Evening Post and the Wall Street Journal. Ethical discussions referenced legal philosophers and jurists whose decisions in cases like Griswold v. Connecticut and later jurisprudence affected privacy and reproductive rights.
The Review chronicled shifts from early 20th‑century founding efforts through mid‑century transitions involving organizations like the American Birth Control League becoming integrated into later entities such as Planned Parenthood Federation of America. It paralleled scientific milestones at research centers including the Salk Institute, laboratories associated with University of California, San Francisco, and pharmacological advances produced by companies like Pfizer and Eli Lilly and Company. The periodical documented intersections with landmark legal events, public health campaigns during the Great Depression, wartime resource allocations in World War I and World War II, and postwar demographic policy debates influenced by the United Nations and the World Bank.
The Review highlighted contemporary and emerging research in endocrinology from labs at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pharmacology trials overseen by committees akin to the National Research Council, and contraceptive device development paralleling work by inventors who filed patents with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. It reported on collaborations across institutions including Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, and international centers such as Karolinska Institutet and University of Tokyo. Coverage anticipated later innovations in long‑acting reversible contraception, intrauterine device developments, and hormonal formulations that would involve regulatory review by agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and inform public health guidance from the World Health Organization.
Category:Periodicals established in 1917