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| B_s | |
|---|---|
| Name | B_s |
| Type | Meson |
| Quark content | bottom strange |
| Mass | 5.366 GeV/c^2 |
| Lifetime | 1.512 ps |
B_s The B_s meson is a neutral hadron composed of a bottom antiquark and a strange quark, studied extensively in high-energy physics experiments. It plays a central role in tests of the Standard Model through measurements of flavor oscillations, CP violation, and rare decays, involving collaborations and facilities such as ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, Belle II, CDF, and D0. Precision studies of the B_s probe contributions from virtual particles predicted by theories beyond the Standard Model including Supersymmetry, Two-Higgs-Doublet Model, and models with Z' boson mediators.
The B_s meson was first observed in hadron collider experiments by collaborations like CDF and D0 at the Fermilab Tevatron and later studied in depth at the Large Hadron Collider experiments LHCb, ATLAS, and CMS. It belongs to the bottom meson family alongside the charged B^+ and neutral B^0 mesons and is produced in high-energy processes at facilities such as CERN, KEK, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Historically, B_s measurements have complemented discoveries involving the J/ψ particle, the Υ mesons, and open-beauty spectroscopy from experiments like BaBar.
The B_s is a pseudoscalar meson with quark content bottom (b̄) and strange (s), similar in classification to other heavy-light systems studied at LHCb and Belle II. Its mass and lifetime values are determined through fits to invariant mass peaks and proper decay time distributions by experiments such as ATLAS and CMS. Spectroscopy studies relate the B_s to excited states like the B_s^* and to heavy-quark effective theory developed by theorists affiliated with institutions including CERN Theory Department and Perimeter Institute. Electromagnetic and strong-interaction properties connect to form factors and decay constants computed with lattice gauge methods from collaborations like HPQCD Collaboration, Fermilab Lattice, and RBC/UKQCD.
B_s production occurs in proton–proton collisions at the LHC and in proton–antiproton collisions at the Tevatron, as well as in e^+e^- environments with associated production at KEKB and PEP-II machines. Prominent decay channels include hadronic modes such as B_s → D_s^− π^+ observed by LHCb and semileptonic modes B_s → D_s^{(*)} μ ν studied by BaBar and Belle. Rare decays like B_s → μ^+ μ^− were measured by CMS, LHCb, and ATLAS and provide sensitive probes of new particles predicted by Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and other extensions. Radiative and loop-induced transitions involve intermediate states tied to the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix elements measured by collaborations including Belle II and theoretical input from groups at IPPP Durham.
B_s–B̄_s mixing arises through box diagrams first analyzed by theorists at institutions such as CERN and SLAC. The mass difference Δm_s and width difference ΔΓ_s are extracted in time-dependent analyses by LHCb, ATLAS, and CMS and provide constraints on heavy virtual particles in models discussed at conferences like ICHEP and EPS-HEP. Measurements of the CP-violating phase φ_s in channels such as B_s → J/ψ φ involve angular analyses and flavor tagging techniques pioneered by collaborations including CDF and D0; results are compared against Standard Model predictions computed by groups at Institute for Advanced Study and Max Planck Institute for Physics.
Precision determinations of the B_s mass, lifetime, Δm_s, ΔΓ_s, and branching fractions have been published by LHCb, CMS, ATLAS, CDF, D0, BaBar, and Belle. The observation of B_s oscillations with a high-frequency Δm_s was a milestone achieved at the Tevatron and refined at the LHC. Rare decay branching ratios such as B_s → μ^+ μ^− reached near-Standard-Model sensitivity in combined analyses by CMS and LHCb, while measurements of semileptonic form factors inform determinations of CKM elements by groups at University of Heidelberg and Università di Padova.
Calculations of B_s observables rely on the Standard Model with inputs from the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, perturbative calculations by groups at CERN Theory and nonperturbative lattice QCD from collaborations like HPQCD Collaboration. Effective field theories such as Heavy Quark Effective Theory and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory developed at institutions including MIT and Caltech are used to factorize decay amplitudes and compute form factors. Global fits incorporating results from CKMfitter and UTfit compare measurements to predictions and constrain parameters of extensions like Supersymmetry and models with additional gauge bosons studied at DESY and KEK.
B_s studies inform the flavor sector tests of the Standard Model and provide indirect sensitivity to particles at mass scales beyond direct collider reach, influencing searches at CERN and Fermilab. Results impact interpretations of anomalies reported in flavor observables by collaborations such as LHCb and motivate model-building at institutes like Princeton University and University of Cambridge. Precise knowledge of B_s decays contributes to flavor-tagging calibration for Higgs and top-quark measurements at ATLAS and CMS and supports the planning of future facilities including the High-Luminosity LHC, proposed Future Circular Collider, and projects evaluated at European Strategy for Particle Physics.
Category:Mesons