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| Avenida 23 de Maio | |
|---|---|
| Name | Avenida 23 de Maio |
| Caption | Aerial view of Avenida 23 de Maio interchange |
| Location | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Length km | 3.5 |
| Inaugurated | 1970s |
| Maint | Prefeitura de São Paulo |
Avenida 23 de Maio is a major arterial expressway in São Paulo linking central Sé and Ibirapuera Park with the Congonhas Airport corridor and the Marginal Pinheiros. The avenue forms part of the municipal traffic network developed during the administrations of Maurílio de Araújo, Laudo Natel, and Jânio Quadros-era urban planners, and it intersects with infrastructural works associated with the Estádio do Morumbi, Avenida Paulista, Praça da Sé, Vale do Anhangabaú, and the Parque do Ibirapuera axis.
Construction of the avenue occurred amid the Brazilian Miracle urban projects and the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985) era policies favoring expressways, influenced by planners linked to the Plano de Avenidas tradition and the vision of figures such as Joaquim Cardoso (urbanist), Rui Moreira and engineers from the Secretaria de Viação e Obras Públicas (São Paulo). Its inauguration in the late 1970s and early 1980s coincided with the expansion of Rodovia dos Imigrantes, the modernization of Congonhas–São Paulo Airport, and municipal initiatives under Olavo Setúbal and Mário Covas. Debates about the avenue’s environmental and social consequences referenced cases like the Vale do Anhangabaú reurbanization, the Avenida Paulista revitalization, and controversies similar to disputes over the Linha Amarela and Elevado Presidente João Goulart.
The avenue begins near the Viaduto do Chá/Praça da República nexus adjacent to Sé and runs southwest toward Ibirapuera Park and the connection to Marginal Pinheiros. It passes close to the Centro Cultural São Paulo, Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP), Theatro Municipal (São Paulo), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, and the Catedral da Sé. Major interchanges link it to Avenida Paulista, Avenida 9 de Julho, Rua da Consolação, and Avenida Brigadeiro Luís Antônio. The cross-section includes grade-separated lanes, collector-distributor ramps similar to those at the Ponte Estaiada, and service roads that approach neighborhoods like Bela Vista, Jardins, and Moema.
Along its corridor are civic and commercial structures such as the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil (São Paulo), the Edifício Copan, and corporate towers housing firms like Itaú Unibanco and Petrobras regional offices. Proximal landmarks include Museu de Arte de São Paulo, Parque do Ibirapuera, Hospital São Paulo, and older urban fabric exemplified by the Mercadão (Municipal Market of São Paulo). Architectural contrasts evoke works by architects associated with Oscar Niemeyer, Lúcio Costa, Ruy Ohtake, and local modernists who also shaped sites like Sesc 24 de Maio, Centro Cultural São Paulo, and refurbishment projects akin to Estação Júlio Prestes restorations.
Avenida 23 de Maio functions as a primary artery for vehicular flows feeding Congonhas–São Paulo Airport, the Rodovia dos Imigrantes, and commuter links to Marginal Pinheiros and Avenida dos Bandeirantes. It accommodates public and private transit serving routes operated by the SPTrans network and connects with São Paulo Metro stations on lines such as Line 1 (Blue), Line 2 (Green), and shuttle corridors to CPTM suburban rail. Traffic management schemes have been coordinated with agencies including the Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego and projects influenced by modal shifts championed by municipal leaders like Fernando Haddad and Bruno Covas. Congestion patterns resemble those observed on Avenida Paulista and Marginal Tietê, prompting bicycle lane proposals akin to initiatives at Parque do Ibirapuera and Bus Rapid Transit concepts comparable to Expresso Tiradentes.
The avenue’s construction catalyzed redevelopment pressures in districts such as Bela Vista, Brooklin Novo, and Moema and affected land values near hubs like Avenida Paulista and Ibirapuera. Urban renewal debates invoked stakeholders including Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil (IAB), SMA (Secretaria do Verde e do Meio Ambiente), real estate groups such as Brookfield Brasil and Cyrela Brazil Realty, and civil society organizations reminiscent of Movimento Passe Livre activism. Environmental and social impact assessments paralleled controversies from the Projeto Nova Luz and the Fórum das Cidades discussions, prompting policies on green corridors, noise mitigation, and pedestrianization strategies similar to interventions along Rua 24 de Maio and Vale do Anhangabaú.
Avenida 23 de Maio appears in urban narratives, reportage, and documentary work about São Paulo’s transformation alongside cultural institutions like Museu de Arte Contemporânea da USP, Sesc 24 de Maio, and the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil (São Paulo). It has been the backdrop for civic mobilizations associated with movements such as Diretas Já, Passe Livre, and occasional sporting routing for events organized by Prefeitura de São Paulo and private promoters coordinating with venues like Ibirapuera Arena and Estádio do Pacaembu. Literary and cinematic references connect it to authors and filmmakers who depict São Paulo in works by Jorge Amado, Clarice Lispector, Rubem Fonseca, Walter Salles, and Felipe Braga-style urban cinema.
Category:Streets in São Paulo