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| Arriba España | |
|---|---|
| Name | Arriba España |
| Type | Newspaper and Slogan |
| Founded | 1936 |
| Political | Falangism; National Catholicism |
| Language | Spanish |
| Ceased publication | 1975 (various editions survived) |
Arriba España Arriba España was a nationalist slogan and title used during the Spanish Civil War and the Francoist period, originating within Falangist, Carlist, and Nationalist circles. It appeared in newspapers, posters, speeches, banners and chants associated with the Nationalist faction, and later became embedded in Francoist propaganda, cultural institutions, military units, and commemorations tied to Francisco Franco. The phrase intersected with entities such as Falange Española de las JONS, Spanish Civil War, Requetés, Army of Africa, Nationalist Spain, and numerous Francoist ministries and publications.
The phrase drew on traditional rhetoric about the unity of Spain found in monarchical and conservative discourse linked to figures like Alfonso XIII, Charles V, and slogans invoked during the Spanish Restoration (1874–1931). Its etymology connected to nationalist mottos used by organizations such as Falange Española, JONS, and Comunión Tradicionalista, mirroring chants from rallies in Seville, Madrid, Barcelona, and Zaragoza. Authors, journalists, and orators in Rafael Sánchez Mazas' circles and contributors to periodicals like Arriba and El Alcázar used similar locutions alongside references to Catholic Church (Spain), Spanish Legion, and veteran networks such as Veteranos de la Cruzada.
Early usage proliferated among Nationalist militias during actions in July 1936 and campaigns such as the Siege of the Alcázar and Battle of Guadalajara. Militias from Seville to Pamplona adopted the slogan in leaflets, alongside insignia used by the Blue Division later and in coordination with Carlist units under commanders like Carlos Hugo de Borbón-Parma in varying contexts. Newspapers launched in territories controlled by the Army of the North, Army of the Centre, and Army of Andalusia printed the phrase during the consolidation of the Nationalist coalition and during events like the Barcelona May Days and the Bombing of Guernica.
During combat, the phrase featured in communications by leaders such as Emilio Mola, Gonzalo Queipo de Llano, Juan Yagüe, and José Millán-Astray, and appeared on propaganda materials coordinated with offices like the Ministry of Propaganda (Francoist Spain), cultural bodies tied to Patronato Nacional de Juventudes, and paramilitary groups including the Falange Militias and Requeté. It was displayed at battlefront ceremonies after engagements such as the Battle of Jarama, Battle of Brunete, and Battle of Ebro, and in the aftermath of sieges like Santander (1937) and Lérida (Lleida). Internationally, press and volunteers from organizations like the International Brigades and observers from German Condor Legion and Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie noted such slogans in field reports.
Under the Francoist dictatorship, the phrase became institutionalized across state media like Radio Nacional de España, No-Do, and dailies such as ABC (newspaper), La Vanguardia, Ya (newspaper), and Arriba (newspaper). Ministries including the Ministry of Information and Tourism (Francoist Spain), Ministry of the Interior (Spain), and education bodies integrated it into rituals at monuments like Valley of the Fallen, Plaza de Oriente, and civic events honoring figures such as José Antonio Primo de Rivera. Cultural institutions including Instituto Nacional de Industria, Patronato de España Exterior, and Obra Sindical del Hogar used the phrase in exhibitions, while composers, playwrights, and filmmakers associated with studios like IFISA and theaters in Gran Vía, Madrid referenced it in works celebrated by organizations such as Movimiento Nacional.
After Francisco Franco's death in 1975, democratic transition actors like Adolfo Suárez, King Juan Carlos I, and political parties including Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain), Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, People's Party (Spain) and regionalist groups in Catalonia and Basque Country engaged in debates over symbols. Legal instruments such as the Law of Democratic Memory and measures by courts including the Audiencia Nacional and the Constitutional Court of Spain addressed the public use of Francoist slogans. Social movements like Movimiento por la Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica and organizations such as Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory campaigned against public displays, while veterans' associations and far-right groups like Fuerza Nueva and later Falange Española de las JONS (post-Franco) defended nostalgic uses.
Today the phrase remains controversial in debates involving municipal councils in cities like Madrid, Seville, Valencia, Zaragoza, and Alicante over street names, monuments, and commemorations tied to institutions including Hermandades de la Cruzada and memorials at sites like Cementerio de Mingorrubio and the Valley of the Fallen. Cultural producers—filmmakers connected to Pedro Almodóvar's contemporaries, historians at institutions like National Historical Archive (Spain), and journalists at El País and El Mundo—continue to examine archival records held in repositories such as the General Archive of the Administration and Archivo General de la Guerra Civil Española to contextualize usage. Legal rulings, scholarly works from universities like Complutense University of Madrid, University of Barcelona, University of Salamanca, and commemorative controversies involving parades, veterans' associations, and far-right demonstrations maintain its presence in public memory discussions tied to legislation, municipal governance, and cultural heritage.