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| Arkani-Hamed–Dimopoulos–Dvali model | |
|---|---|
| Name | Arkani-Hamed–Dimopoulos–Dvali model |
| Field | Theoretical physics |
| Introduced | 1998 |
| Creators | Nima Arkani-Hamed, Savas Dimopoulos, Gia Dvali |
| Related | Large extra dimensions, Kaluza–Klein theory, ADD |
Arkani-Hamed–Dimopoulos–Dvali model is a proposal in theoretical physics that postulates large extra spatial dimensions to address the Hierarchy problem. The model was introduced by Nima Arkani-Hamed, Savas Dimopoulos, and Gia Dvali in 1998 and has influenced research at institutions such as CERN, Fermilab, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. It connects to earlier ideas from Theodor Kaluza, Oskar Klein, and developments in string theory research including proposals by Edward Witten, Joseph Polchinski, and Juan Maldacena.
The Arkani-Hamed–Dimopoulos–Dvali model situates the Standard Model fields on a four-dimensional brane world embedded in a higher-dimensional bulk, echoing constructions from Lisa Randall and Raman Sundrum. It proposes that only gravity propagates in the extra dimensions, drawing on concepts from Kaluza–Klein theory and invoking phenomenological frameworks used by collaborations at ATLAS (experiment), CMS, and experimental groups at Tevatron. The model aimed to reconcile the scale of electroweak interactions associated with Peter Higgs and François Englert with the Planck scale discussed in work by Albert Einstein and Paul Dirac.
The proposal builds on classical and quantum gravity research influenced by Isaac Newton's inverse-square law and relativistic generalizations by Albert Einstein. It incorporates extra-dimensional mathematics related to work by Bernhard Riemann and uses compactification ideas similar to studies by Tullio Regge and Kaluza, Klein. The framework leverages renormalization-group concepts employed in analyses by Kenneth Wilson and anomaly cancellation strategies examined by Michael Green and John Schwarz in early string theory developments. The model addresses naturalness concerns articulated in reviews by Graham Ross and perturbative analyses used by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow.
The basic structure posits n flat extra dimensions compactified on manifolds influenced by mathematical work of Henri Poincaré and André Weil, yielding a relationship between the fundamental Planck scale and the observed four-dimensional Planck mass, a relation examined using techniques from Edward Witten and Cumrun Vafa. Variants include warped extra-dimension hybrids inspired by Lisa Randall and Raman Sundrum, and localized-gravity schemes related to studies by Gian Giudice and Riccardo Rattazzi. Further model-building extensions have been pursued by theorists such as Nima Arkani-Hamed himself along with collaborators like Savas Dimopoulos, Gia Dvali, and subsequent work invoking mechanisms from Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, Dvali and March-Russell-style constructions. Compactification choices echo geometries studied by Shing-Tung Yau and Calabi–Yau analyses connected to Philip Candelas.
Predictions include modified gravitational potentials at submillimeter scales probed by precision experiments inspired by efforts at Stanford University, University of Washington, and groups associated with Eöt-Wash. Collider signatures involve emission of Kaluza–Klein gravitons producing missing energy signals at facilities like Large Hadron Collider, CERN, and previous searches at LEP (Large Electron–Positron Collider), Tevatron. The scenario motivates searches for microscopic black hole production studied in theoretical work by Steven Hawking and experimental strategies developed by ATLAS (experiment) and CMS collaborations, with interpretive frameworks influenced by analyses from Gian Giudice and John Ellis.
Bounds arise from torsion-balance tests by experimentalists connected to Eöt-Wash, short-range gravity measurements informed by apparatus developed at Max Planck Society laboratories, and astrophysical cooling limits based on supernova studies by teams including members from Super-Kamiokande and IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Collider limits are set by results from ATLAS (experiment), CMS, and legacy analyses from ALEPH (experiment), DELPHI, and OPAL (detector). Precision electroweak constraints reference data from LEP (Large Electron–Positron Collider), SLC (Stanford Linear Collider), and global fits by groups linked to Particle Data Group.
Cosmological implications draw on inflationary and early-universe frameworks developed by Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, and André H. Linde, affecting reheating scenarios analyzed by researchers at Princeton University and Institute for Advanced Study. Extra dimensions influence big-bang nucleosynthesis constraints examined by collaborations including Planck (spacecraft) and WMAP (satellite), and affect cosmic-ray propagation studies involving Pierre Auger Observatory and Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Stellar cooling and supernova energy-loss bounds reference work by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and observational programs at European Southern Observatory.
Critiques emphasize naturalness debates discussed by Leonard Susskind, challenges from precision tests analyzed by Lisa Randall, and theoretical consistency issues explored within string theory by Edward Witten and Joseph Polchinski. Alternatives addressing the Hierarchy problem include Supersymmetry, advocated by researchers like Howard Georgi and Steven Weinberg, composite-Higgs models developed by Roberto Contino and Rafael S. Chivukula, and warped extra-dimension scenarios proposed by Lisa Randall and Raman Sundrum. Ongoing discourse involves institutions such as CERN, Perimeter Institute, and KITP where phenomenologists and experimentalists continue assessment.
Category:Theoretical physics models