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| Annales nazariani | |
|---|---|
| Title | Annales nazariani |
| Date | c. 7th–8th century |
| Language | Latin |
| Place | Nazara (probable) |
| Genre | Chronicle, annals |
| Material | Parchment |
| Condition | Fragmentary |
Annales nazariani The Annales nazariani are a short Latin chronicle surviving in fragmentary form that records events of late Antiquity and the early Medieval period, often used by scholars of Byzantine Empire, Lombards, Franks, Avars, Umayyad Caliphate, and Visigothic Kingdom interactions. The work has been cited in studies of Constantine IV, Heraclius, Pope Gregory II, Pope Gregory III, Leo III the Isaurian, Khorasan campaigns, and regional affairs involving Italy, Balkans, Spain, Gaul, and Sicily.
The chronicle is preserved in a palimpsest leaf and later medieval compilations associated with monastic scriptoria such as Monte Cassino, Bobbio Abbey, Lorsch Abbey, Fulda, and Saint Gall. Editors trace echoes of the text in annalistic compilations tied to the historiographical traditions of Isidore of Seville, Bede, Eusebius of Caesarea, Theophanes the Confessor, and Marcellinus Comes. Its short, terse entries situate the Annales in the network of western and eastern Latin annals that includes the Chronicon Paschale, Annales Regni Francorum, Liber Pontificalis, and regional chronicles of Benevento and Capua.
Surviving witnesses are indirect: excerpts appear in the miscellanies of Patrologia Latina compilers and in the margins of manuscripts copied at Monte Amiata, Cluny Abbey, and collections associated with Bobbio Library. Codicological evidence links the parchment to scripts of the Merovingian script and transitional hands toward Carolingian minuscule, suggesting transmission through centers like Reims, Tours, and Aix-la-Chapelle. The palimpsest folio contains underwriting with texts attributed to Isidore of Seville and a later overwriting of liturgical hymns akin to those found in Gregorian chant manuscripts. Modern reconstructions rely on the concordances compiled by editors working in the tradition of Philippe Labbe, Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Theodor Mommsen, and Ferdinand Lot.
Internal chronological markers reference reigns and events associated with rulers such as Justinian II, Constans II, Tiberius III, Charles Martel, and Athanagild that anchor the text to the late seventh and early eighth centuries. Stylistic parallels to the annalistic entries of Fredegar and ecclesiastical notes resembling the concerns of Gregory of Tours have prompted proposals of authorship by a cleric in a southern Italian or Dalmatian milieu, with candidates ranging from occasional scribes attached to episcopal chancelleries like those of Naples, Salerno, or Ravenna. Some scholars argue for an origin in an Adriatic port such as Ravenna, Bari, or Split because of the text’s attentiveness to naval raids linked to Arab–Byzantine wars and Slavic incursions.
The entries follow an annalistic year-by-year format, noting events such as sieges, episcopal appointments, famine, epidemics, natural phenomena, and diplomatic actions involving figures like Emperor Justin II, Pope Sergius I, Pope Constantine, Duke Arechis II, King Liuvigild, King Roderic, King Aistulf, and Duke Gisulf II. Military episodes reference encounters involving the Byzantine navy, Saracen raids, Avar campaigns, and skirmishes with groups identified as Slavs and Bulgars. Ecclesiastical notes connect the chronicle to synods and councils invoking names such as Pope Constantine I, Pope Zachary, Quinisext Council, and local bishops from sees like Benevento, Capua, Ravenna, and Salerno. The terse Latin often preserves proper names and placenames—Constantinople, Rome, Carthage, Sicily, Naples, Spoleto, Pavia, Lombardy, Catalonia, Septimania, Gascony, Aquitaine, Narbonne, Toulouse, Arles, Lyons, Marseilles, Reims, Tours, Milan, Venice, Padua, Trieste, Zadar, Split, Dubrovnik, Corinth, Thessalonica, Athens, Crete, Cyprus, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, Damascus, Basra, Ctesiphon, and Kufa.
Historians employ the chronicle to corroborate events reported in Theophanes Continuatus, the Chronicle of Fredegar, Paul the Deacon’s accounts, and entries in the Liber Pontificalis. Its value is especially noted for regional data on southern Italy, Adriatic trade routes, and interactions among Byzantium, Lombardy, and early Islamic Caliphates. Reliability varies: some annals concur with archaeological findings from Castel Sant'Angelo, Salerno Cathedral, and fortifications at Capo Colonna and align with numismatic evidence tied to coinage of Constantine IV and Leo III. Conversely, isolated entries show legendary conflation similar to that in Pseudo-Prosper and later interpolations reminiscent of Hincmar of Reims compilations. Cross-referencing with diplomatic letters of Pope Gregory II, military dispatches related to Eutychius and chronicles of Symeon Logothetes is standard practice in assessing accuracy.
Critical editions and discussions appear in journals and collections alongside works by editors such as Ludovico Muratori, Theodor Mommsen, Heinrich Gelzer, Ernest Lavisse, Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, Karl Krumbacher, J.B. Bury, A.A. Vasiliev, Giovanni Battista de Rossi, Francesco Santi, Dimitri Obolensky, R. Jenkins, Walter Kaegi, Richard Hodges, Chris Wickham, Peter Brown, Paul Fouracre, Rosamond McKitterick, Chris Wickham, J. Norwich, Marios Philippides, Irene O’Brien, John Haldon, Michael McCormick, Ann Carmen, Jonathan Shepard, Thomas Noble, and R.H.C. Davis. Debates focus on reconstruction methodology, palaeographic dating, and the chronicle’s relation to contemporaneous sources such as the Annales regni Francorum, Liber pontificalis, and Byzantine chronicles. Modern digital projects hosted by institutions like British Library, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Vatican Library, and Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana have made high-resolution images of related manuscripts available, stimulating renewed scholarship in codicology and prosopography.
Category:Latin chronicles Category:Medieval historiography