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| Anhangabaú | |
|---|---|
| Name | Anhangabaú |
| Native name | Vale do Anhangabaú |
| Settlement type | Public square |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | São Paulo |
| City | São Paulo |
Anhangabaú Anhangabaú is a central urban valley and public space in São Paulo, Brazil, historically significant for civic, cultural, and political life. It lies near landmark sites such as the Praça da República, Sé Cathedral area, Viaduto do Chá, Theatro Municipal de São Paulo, and the Municipal Market of São Paulo, and has been a focus of multiple urban interventions by planners, architects, and politicians including Joaquim Eugênio de Lima, Pietro Cantarelli, and Lúcio Costa. The site has hosted demonstrations, celebrations, and performances attended by figures such as Getúlio Vargas, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Pelé, and Chico Buarque.
The valley's pre-colonial and colonial past connects to indigenous peoples and early settlers interacting with the Tietê River, Guarapiranga Reservoir, São Paulo founding narratives and the Bandeirantes. During the 19th century the area became involved in urban projects tied to elites like José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Dom Pedro II initiatives, and the reformist agendas of Lawrence S. Rockefeller-era philanthropy indirectly influencing Latin American modernization. Late 19th- and early 20th-century transformations saw engineers such as Antonio Baeta Rebouças and architects like Ramos de Azevedo and Victor Dubugras shaping nearby fabric, while industrialists and political leaders including Coffee Barons and Washington Luís pursued renovations. The construction of the Viaduto do Chá and the opening of the São Paulo Railway corridors affected land use, followed by Republican-era remodeling under mayors such as Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil and planners influenced by Pierre Charles L'Enfant-style axial visions. Mid-20th-century modernists including Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer contributed to debates over modernization, paralleled by cultural movements featuring artists like Tarsila do Amaral, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Mário de Andrade, and writers associated with the Semana de Arte Moderna.
The valley occupies a longitudinal block between Rua Libero Badaró and Avenida Ipiranga, framed by thoroughfares like Avenida São João, Avenida Brigadeiro Luís Antônio, and the Tietê River watershed. Topographically it is a depression that historically channeled water toward the Tamanduateí River and required engineering interventions by surveyors influenced by techniques used on projects such as the Port of Santos expansions. Adjacent neighborhoods include Centro (São Paulo), Sé, República, Consolação and proximity to transport nodes such as Praça da Sé (station), República (Metrô) and Anhangabaú (disallowed link)-area corridors. Urban morphology reflects layering from colonial streets to planned promenades inspired by European precedents like Haussmann's renovation of Paris and American axial parks such as Central Park.
Redevelopment campaigns in the 20th and 21st centuries involved municipal administrations, municipal secretariats, and planners including João Batista Vilanova Artigas-influenced architects, with projects debated by public intellectuals from institutions such as the University of São Paulo, FAU-USP, and IPHAN. Major interventions echoed policy frameworks seen in Plano Diretor revisions, influenced by urbanists like Lúcio Costa and Alfredo Sirkis dialogues. Revitalization efforts paralleled initiatives in other global plazas such as Times Square, Piazza San Marco, and Plaza Mayor. Landscape architects referenced works by Roberto Burle Marx; pedestrianization and green infrastructure proposals invoked concepts from Jane Jacobs-inspired activists and municipal ordinances linked to heritage protection by Condephaat and Iphan. Public-private partnerships engaged corporations like Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo and cultural foundations such as Fundação Bienal de São Paulo in programmatic reuses.
The valley has hosted cultural figures and institutions such as Theatro Municipal de São Paulo, the Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP), Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, and performers including Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Chico Buarque, Tom Jobim, and Milton Nascimento. It has been a locus for political mobilization linked to movements represented by organizations like CUT (Central Única dos Trabalhadores), MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra), Diretas Já, and protests tied to administrations of Fernando Collor de Mello and Michel Temer. Social practices in the space reflect exchanges among vendors, informal workers, and cultural producers connected to markets like the Mercadão and street circuits frequented by literary and intellectual figures from institutions such as USP, UNICAMP, and PUC-SP.
The valley is integrated into São Paulo's transport network with access to metro lines at stations including Anhangabaú (disallowed link), República (Metrô), and Sé Station, commuter rail via CPTM corridors, and bus arteries on Avenida Ipiranga and Avenida São João. Mobility projects have referenced modal integration examples from Curitiba's bus rapid transit experiments and Porto Alegre's transit planning, while municipal agencies such as SPTrans and Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos implemented wayfinding and accessibility measures conforming to standards advocated by organizations like WHO and regional bodies.
The valley has hosted concerts, political rallies, and civic events featuring artists and movements including Legião Urbana, Rita Lee, Elis Regina, Sepultura, and orchestral performances by the Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (OSESP). It has been a venue for anniversaries of São Paulo's founding, New Year celebrations paralleling urban festivities such as Carnival in São Paulo, and gatherings associated with international events like the World Social Forum and commemorations tied to figures such as Getúlio Vargas and Tiradentes.
Surrounding monuments and buildings include the Anhangabaú Valley Monument (unspecified), the Viaduto do Chá, the Theatro Municipal, the Edifício Martinelli, Edifício Itália, and sculptural works by artists like Victor Brecheret and Cândido Portinari. Nearby civic landmarks include Praça da República, Sé Cathedral, and the Palácio do Governo-era buildings associated with state institutions such as Palácio das Indústrias and cultural venues including Sala São Paulo and the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil.
Category:Squares in São Paulo