This article was accepted into the corpus but its outbound wikilinks were never NER-processed — typical at the deepest BFS hop or when the run's entity cap was reached. No expansion funnel to show.
| Android 9.0 Pie | |
|---|---|
| Name | Android 9.0 Pie |
| Developer | |
| Released | August 6, 2018 |
| Latest release | Android 9.0 (Pie) Security Patch Level, various dates |
| Programming language | Java, Kotlin, C++ |
| Kernel type | Monolithic (Linux) |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
Android 9.0 Pie Android 9.0 Pie is a version of the Android mobile operating system developed by Google and released on August 6, 2018. It succeeded Android Oreo and preceded Android 10, integrating machine learning features, gesture-based navigation, and modernized security measures. The release influenced device manufacturers, app developers, and regulatory discussions involving European Commission and platform competition inquiries.
Android 9.0 Pie was announced through Google's Android Beta Program and deployed on flagship devices such as the Google Pixel series and later adopted by manufacturers including Samsung Electronics, Huawei, OnePlus, Xiaomi, Nokia (company), and Sony Mobile. Its development drew on research and contributions from teams at Google Research, interactions with the Open Handset Alliance, and feedback from projects like Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The release emphasized adaptive technologies leveraging TensorFlow and on-device intelligence, while aligning with industry trends set by companies like Apple Inc. and standards bodies such as the World Wide Web Consortium.
Android 9.0 Pie introduced Adaptive Battery and Adaptive Brightness using models akin to TensorFlow Lite to prioritize resources for frequently used apps such as Google Maps, WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube. It added App Actions and Slices to surface contextual tasks related to services like Spotify, Uber, Gmail, and Google Photos. Background processing limits and power optimizations referenced patterns seen in Qualcomm chipsets and collaboration with vendors like MediaTek and ARM Holdings. Multimedia enhancements included support for HEIF images and HDR VP9 Profile 2, relevant to platforms like Netflix and Amazon Prime Video.
The UI overhaul moved from a three-button layout to gesture navigation influenced by smartphone designs from Apple Inc. and conceptual interfaces from projects at Google X. The redesigned Overview screen and Recents integrated with multitasking behaviors typical of devices from Huawei Technologies and LG Electronics. Notifications and Smart Reply integrated machine learning models to suggest responses for messaging apps such as Telegram Messenger, Facebook Messenger, and Slack (software), while system-wide changes affected OEM skins like Samsung One UI and EMUI.
Pie expanded features like encrypted backups and stronger biometrics support working with hardware from Synaptics, Goodix, and Fingerprint Cards AB. It enforced safer TLS practices consistent with recommendations from Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and implemented runtime permission refinements impacting apps from developers such as Facebook, Twitter, Snap Inc., and LinkedIn. Project Treble modularization accelerated vendor updates alongside initiatives by Android Enterprise for corporate device management used by organizations such as IBM and Accenture.
Distribution of Android 9.0 Pie followed the OEM-driven update model involving carriers like Verizon Communications, Sprint Corporation, AT&T, and T-Mobile US. The fragmentation debate echoed earlier concerns raised with versions like Android KitKat and Android Lollipop, with advocacy from groups including the Electronic Frontier Foundation and reports from analysts at Gartner and IDC. Google Play Services continued to deliver feature parity for non-AOSP apps across devices from Motorola Mobility and aftermarket projects like LineageOS.
Developers used Android 9.0 Pie SDKs integrated into Android Studio and build tools maintained on GitHub and mirrors within the Android Open Source Project repositories. APIs introduced changes to background execution limits, Neural Networks API updates ideal for frameworks like Caffe2 and PyTorch Mobile, and support for Kotlin coroutines encouraged by JetBrains. Compatibility testing involved suites from Google Play Console and continuous integration tools used by companies such as Travis CI and CircleCI.
Critical reception noted improvements to battery life and machine learning features with reviews from outlets like The Verge, CNET, Wired, and Ars Technica. Critics and industry observers compared Pie's gesture navigation to design choices by Apple Inc. on the iPhone X and debated the pace of OEM updates with research by Counterpoint Research and Strategy Analytics. Pie's emphasis on privacy and modular updates influenced later versions such as Android 10 and policy discussions in forums including the Federal Trade Commission and the European Parliament.
Category:Android (operating system) releases