Android 2.0
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| Android 2.0 | |
|---|---|
 Google LLC, AOSP · Apache License 2.0 · source | |
| Name | Android 2.0 |
| Developer | Android (Google) |
| Released | October 2009 |
| Latest release version | 2.0.1 |
| Programming language | Java, C, C++ |
| Kernel type | Monolithic (Linux) |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
Android 2.0
Android 2.0 was a major mobile operating system release developed by Google that succeeded earlier mobile platforms and preceded later mobile ecosystems. It introduced new platform features, APIs, and platform-level changes intended for smartphones and tablet hardware, and played a role in the evolution of mobile application ecosystems led by companies and organizations in Silicon Valley and worldwide.
History and development
Google announced Android platform milestones in collaboration with partners such as HTC Corporation, Motorola, Samsung Electronics, Sony Ericsson, LG Electronics, and telecom carriers including Verizon Communications, T-Mobile US, AT&T, Sprint Corporation, and Vodafone Group. Development involved engineers influenced by projects at Open Handset Alliance members, and contributions from teams with backgrounds at Sun Microsystems, Apple Inc., Nokia, Microsoft, and research groups linked to Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University. The platform's release cadence reflected corporate strategies similar to those used by Google I/O announcements, with marketing coordination resembling launches from Apple Worldwide Developers Conference and product rollouts comparable to devices such as the Apple iPhone, BlackBerry Bold, Palm Pre, and Nexus One. The build, testing, and source control processes drew on practices from organizations like Apache Software Foundation projects and development workflows seen at Red Hat and Canonical Ltd..
Features and changes
Android 2.0 introduced enhancements to telephony stacks, multimedia codecs, and web components developed with influence from standards bodies and vendors such as Mozilla Foundation, WebKit, RealNetworks, Qualcomm, and Broadcom. The release added API improvements comparable to existing platform updates from Microsoft Windows Mobile and Symbian Foundation, expanded support for hardware acceleration similar to initiatives by NVIDIA Corporation, and included updated libraries used by application developers at companies like Facebook, Twitter, eBay, Amazon (company), and Skype (software). Multimedia frameworks benefited from integration patterns observed in products by Roku, Adobe Systems, and Apple QuickTime, while location services interfaced with mapping efforts from Google Maps and sensor processing influenced by research at Carnegie Mellon University and University of California, Berkeley.
User interface and design
The user interface evolved with widgets, notification handling, and input methods that paralleled approaches from Palm OS, BlackBerry OS, and device makers such as HTC Corporation and Samsung Electronics. Interaction paradigms reflected human–computer interaction research from Human-Computer Interaction Institute and design patterns employed by companies like IDEO and Frog Design. The system keyboard and language input adaptations were informed by localization efforts seen at institutions like Deutsche Telekom and Nokia’s localization teams, and visual assets followed iconography conventions used in product design by Apple Inc. and Microsoft.
Device support and distribution
Devices shipping with or upgraded to the release were supplied by manufacturers including HTC Corporation, Motorola, Samsung Electronics, Sony Ericsson, LG Electronics, and carriers such as Verizon Communications, T-Mobile US, AT&T, and Sprint Corporation. Distribution strategies mirrored carrier-centric update models used by Apple Inc. and operator partnerships like those between Nokia and Vodafone Group, with over-the-air update mechanisms resembling services operated by Google Play partners and device management solutions similar to offerings from MobileIron and AirWatch. The platform compatibility matrix influenced hardware choices by chipmakers such as Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, and NVIDIA Corporation.
Reception and impact
Industry response referenced reviews from outlets similar to CNET, The Verge, Wired (magazine), Engadget, and PC Magazine, and commentary from analysts at Gartner, IDC, and Forrester Research. The release influenced application ecosystems driven by developers at Google, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and startups incubated in hubs like Silicon Valley, Cambridge (UK), and Shenzhen. Market dynamics shifted in competition with platforms from Apple Inc., Microsoft, Nokia, and handset ecosystems exemplified by BlackBerry Limited, affecting carrier strategies at Verizon Communications and AT&T and prompting partnerships with manufacturers such as Samsung Electronics and HTC Corporation.
Security and updates
Security posture and update practices involved collaboration between firms like Google, chipmakers including Qualcomm and Broadcom, and carriers such as Verizon Communications and T-Mobile US. Vulnerability disclosure and patching processes referenced industry norms set by entities like CERT Coordination Center, NIST, and the Open Web Application Security Project. Ongoing maintenance followed patterns comparable to platform lifecycle management used by Microsoft and Apple Inc., with security advisories and firmware updates distributed through channels coordinated with device manufacturers and carrier partners.