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| Amauta (magazine) | |
|---|---|
| Title | Amauta |
| Editor | José Carlos Mariátegui |
| Category | Literary and Political Magazine |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Firstdate | 1926 |
| Finaldate | 1930 |
| Country | Peru |
| Based | Lima |
| Language | Spanish |
Amauta (magazine) was a monthly Peruvian magazine founded in 1926 that became a central hub for intellectual exchange in Latin America, linking figures from Lima to Buenos Aires, Barcelona, Paris, Milan, Mexico City, and Havana. Under the editorship of José Carlos Mariátegui it published essays, poetry, art, and political theory that engaged with debates associated with Marxism, indigenismo, modernismo, Surrealism, and anti-imperialist movements across the Americas and Europe. The magazine fostered transnational networks among writers, artists, and activists, including connections to institutions such as the Communist International, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and cultural salons in Madrid and Rio de Janeiro.
Amauta was founded in Lima in 1926 by José Carlos Mariátegui following his interactions with intellectuals linked to Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre, Víctor Andrés Belaúnde, Cayetano Heredia, and figures from the APRA orbit and Peruvian Socialist Party debates. The magazine emerged during the aftermath of events such as the Tacna and Arica question, the Oncenio de Leguía, and the influence of returning exiles from Europe and Mexico. Early issues reflected Mariátegui's engagements with theorists like Vladimir Lenin, Antonio Gramsci, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and critics of José Ortega y Gasset and Miguel de Unamuno. Financial and political pressures from entities such as the Peruvian Congress, local press syndicates, and elite patrons influenced publication rhythm until cessation in 1930 amid tensions related to Lima's political climate and Mariátegui's health.
The editorial direction combined literary modernism and leftist politics under Mariátegui, who corresponded with or published pieces by figures associated with Federico García Lorca, Pablo Neruda, César Vallejo, Ruben Darío, Leopoldo Lugones, and Jorge Luis Borges. Contributors included Peruvian intellectuals and artists tied to institutions like Universidad Nacional San Marcos and cultural groups linked to José María Arguedas, Alberto Hidalgo, Xavier Abril, Clorinda Matto de Turner, and Magda Portal. Internationally, the magazine featured voices referencing Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, José Clemente Orozco, Nicolás Guillén, Julio Antonio Mella, Ricardo Flores Magón, Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade, and commentators on the Soviet Union, Italian Fascism, Spanish Republic, and Mexican Revolution. Editorial strategies blended reviews of works by James Joyce, Marcel Proust, Romain Rolland, Émile Zola, Honoré de Balzac, and art critiques concerning Paul Cézanne, Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Gustav Klimt, and Wassily Kandinsky.
Amauta influenced debates on indigenous rights associated with advocates like Juan Bautista Aviñón and debates inside movements like Indigenismo and Socialismo. The magazine engaged with international policy questions involving United States interventions, the Good Neighbor Policy, and regional responses connected to figures like Getúlio Vargas, Lázaro Cárdenas, Hipólito Yrigoyen, and Álvaro Obregón. Cultural policy debates referenced institutions such as the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, and archives housed in Biblioteca Nacional del Perú. Amauta's pages debated aesthetic programs including modernismo, vanguardismo, realismo, and reactions to Dadaism and Surrealism, influencing theatrical circles linked to Federico García Lorca's contemporaries and literary groups in Santiago and Montevideo.
Notable issues carried landmark essays on indigenous labor and agrarian reform, poetry by César Vallejo that engaged with events like the Tragic Week and postwar trauma, and art reproductions referencing murals by Diego Rivera and manifestos by André Breton. Amauta published polemics about Peruvian Amazons exploration narratives, reviews of works by José Eustasio Rivera, Horacio Quiroga, Juan Rulfo, and studies of pre-Columbian art relating to scholarship from Paul Rivet and Alfred Kroeber. It included Marxist analyses invoking Rosa Luxemburg, Georg Lukács, Karl Kautsky, and commentary on Communist Party strategies from interactions with delegates to the Communist International and Latin American congresses attended by activists linked to Manuel Ugarte and Victoria Ocampo.
Amauta circulated primarily in Lima with distribution networks reaching Callao, Cusco, Arequipa, and urban centers across Peru, while subscriptions and exchanges extended to Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile, Montevideo, Quito, Bogotá, Caracas, Mexico City, Havana, Barcelona, Paris, and universities such as Harvard University, University of Chicago, Columbia University, and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Readership included intellectuals, students from Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, members of labor unions, cultural elites in salons associated with Ricardo Palma's legacy, and activists connected to American Popular Revolutionary Alliance and leftist study circles inspired by the Russian Revolution and debates on imperialism.
Amauta's legacy persists in scholarship and institutions, influencing later journals and cultural projects such as Caretas (magazine), academic programs at Universidad de San Marcos, and exhibitions at institutions like the Museo de Arte de Lima and archives preserved in Biblioteca Nacional del Perú. Its impact is referenced in studies of Latin American Marxism involving Eugenio Garza Sada critiques, genealogies of Indigenismo involving José María Arguedas, and literary histories encompassing César Vallejo, Jorge Luis Borges, Pablo Neruda, and Octavio Paz. The magazine remains a subject of research in centers like Casa de las Américas, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, and university departments studying links to European Modernism and transatlantic networks that included figures such as André Malraux, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, and T.S. Eliot.
Category:Magazines published in Peru Category:1926 establishments in Peru Category:Political magazines