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| Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project | |
|---|---|
| Name | Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project |
| Location | Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois |
| Established | 2018 (upgrade program inception) |
| Type | Scientific facility upgrade |
| Owner | U.S. Department of Energy |
Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project is a facility-scale modernization initiative to transform a major synchrotron light source into a next-generation high-brightness, high-coherence X-ray research instrument. The program builds on an existing national user facility to enable advanced experiments across materials science, biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering by deploying cutting-edge accelerator and beamline technologies. It places emphasis on delivering improved spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution for a broad international user community.
The Upgrade aligns with strategic priorities set by the U.S. Department of Energy and scientific roadmaps from organizations such as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and advisory panels including the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee. Hosted at Argonne National Laboratory, the program coordinates with national laboratories like Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory as well as universities including University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign. Partnerships extend to industry stakeholders such as General Electric, Siemens, and instrument vendors linked to initiatives involving National Science Foundation programs and international collaborations with institutions like CERN, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, and Diamond Light Source.
Primary objectives encompass increasing photon brightness, improving coherence, and enhancing time-resolved capabilities to enable experiments proposed by users from organizations such as Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and Caltech. Scientific goals target breakthrough research in areas cited by the Materials Genome Initiative, Human Genome Project-related structural biology, and energy-relevant studies advocated by ARPA-E and the Advanced Research Projects Agency. Applications address topics prominent in publications from groups at Max Planck Society, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory including catalysis, battery science, quantum materials, and protein dynamics referenced by the Nobel Prize-winning work in structural determination.
The upgrade replaces or augments key accelerator subsystems influenced by advances from projects like the MAX IV lattice design and the ESRF-EBS upgrade at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Core technical shifts include adoption of multi-bend achromat optics similar to those used at SIRIUS and ALBA, implementation of low-emittance storage ring magnet arrays akin to those developed with contributions from Danfysik and Thales Group, and incorporation of novel insertion devices such as variable-polarization undulators and superconducting wigglers explored by teams from Diamond Light Source and Paul Scherrer Institute. RF systems, vacuum chambers, and beam diagnostics draw on engineering practices from Fermilab, DESY, and KEK. Beamline optics upgrades reference adaptive optics research from MIT and mirror-coating techniques advanced at Johns Hopkins University and Argonne Accelerator Systems Division laboratories.
The phased implementation follows milestones guided by federal project management frameworks used by Department of Energy Office of Science projects and lessons from construction programs at Spallation Neutron Source and National Synchrotron Light Source II. Early design reviews involved stakeholders from U.S. Congress appropriations processes and programmatic oversight by the Office of Management and Budget. Construction sequencing coordinates civil works at Argonne National Laboratory with fabrication partners including ABB and Emerson Electric, and commissioning phases planned in collaboration with user committees from American Physical Society and Materials Research Society. Scheduling aligns with contingency and risk mitigation approaches developed in engineering projects like the Three Gorges Dam and aerospace programs at NASA.
Upgraded beamlines will host specialized endstations informed by experimental methods used at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source II, Diamond Light Source, and SOLEIL. Instrumentation includes coherent diffractive imaging setups, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy systems, micro- and nano-focus tomography stages, in situ environmental chambers co-developed with Thermo Fisher Scientific and detector technologies from Dectris, Rayonix, and research groups at University of Oxford and Imperial College London. User programs will leverage sample environments akin to those used in research by CERN collaborations and cryogenic systems reminiscent of instruments at Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research. Data acquisition and analysis pipelines integrate software frameworks pioneered by SLAC and computational resources similar to Argonne Leadership Computing Facility and Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility.
Management employs governance models common to large-scale scientific facilities overseen by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science with advisory input from panels including the Scientific Advisory Committee and community groups like the User Executive Committee. Funding sources combine appropriations from the U.S. Congress, programmatic allocations from the Office of Science, cost-sharing with industrial partners, and grants from entities such as the National Science Foundation and philanthropic foundations like the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Contracting and procurement follow standards used by national projects at Los Alamos National Laboratory and procurement partnerships with vendors including Siemens and Honeywell.
Anticipated impacts parallel scientific advances reported by users at Harvard Medical School, Scripps Research Institute, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and European Molecular Biology Laboratory enabling progress in drug discovery, nanotechnology, and quantum information science endorsed by initiatives involving DARPA and NIH. The user community spans academic groups from Princeton University and Yale University to industrial research teams at Pfizer, BASF, and Dow Chemical Company. Training and workforce development align with programs at Illinois Institute of Technology and regional partnerships with City of Chicago economic development strategies. The upgrade is expected to catalyze publications in journals like Nature, Science, and Physical Review Letters and contribute to patents and commercialization through technology transfer offices at Argonne National Laboratory and partner universities.
Category:Synchrotron radiation facilities