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| Advanced Air Mobility | |
|---|---|
| Name | Advanced Air Mobility |
| Type | Aviation and transportation |
| Industry | Aerospace |
Advanced Air Mobility
Advanced Air Mobility is a developing sector of aviation focused on integrating electric and hybrid-electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles into urban, regional, and rural transport networks. It connects concepts from NASA research programs, Federal Aviation Administration initiatives, and prototypes by companies such as Joby Aviation, Archer Aviation, and EHang with longstanding platforms like Bell Helicopter and Airbus. The field draws on technologies and stakeholders including Battery energy storage, Distributed electric propulsion, Urban air mobility pilot projects, and major aerospace primes such as Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman.
The overview situates Advanced Air Mobility within a lineage that includes Wright brothers innovations, Heinrich Focke rotorcraft developments, and the commercialization arc of companies like Sikorsky Aircraft and Cessna. It references policy frameworks and studies from NASA, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and ties to urban initiatives in cities such as Los Angeles, Singapore, Dubai, London, and Tokyo. Historical events such as the Berlin Airlift and programs like the Bell X-1 research ethos inform public and private collaborations exemplified by consortia including Uber Elevate and the Airbus Vahana project.
Design in Advanced Air Mobility leverages electric propulsion architectures pioneered by firms like Tesla, Inc. in energy management, and rotorcraft innovations from Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Piasecki. Key components include high-specific-energy cells by companies such as Panasonic Corporation and CATL, lightweight composites from Hexcel Corporation, avionics suites influenced by Garmin, Honeywell Aerospace, and Thales Group, and autonomous systems developed by Waymo-adjacent research labs and DARPA programs. Vehicle concepts range from multicopter configurations inspired by DJI research to tiltrotor approaches recalling Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey, and to fixed-wing eSTOL platforms akin to designs at Joby Aviation and Lilium. Materials science draws on advances at institutions like MIT, Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Imperial College London, and ETH Zurich.
Operational concepts include vertiport networks similar in function to historical air mail hubs, with infrastructure planning influenced by Federal Aviation Administration airspace management and urban planning in municipalities such as New York City, Chicago, and Shanghai. Ground systems integrate charging and battery swapping solutions by firms like Siemens and ABB Ltd. while navigation relies on satellite constellations such as GPS, Galileo, BeiDou, and GLONASS. Logistics linkages echo models used by FedEx, UPS, Amazon (company), and DHL, and emergency response applications reference doctrine from American Red Cross and International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement deployments. Airports and vertiports may be sited near transport hubs exemplified by Heathrow Airport, Changi Airport, and John F. Kennedy International Airport.
Regulatory regimes build on precedents set by agencies like the Federal Aviation Administration, European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and reference certification pathways charted by firms such as Boeing and Airbus. Standards organizations such as RTCA, Incorporated, SAE International, and International Civil Aviation Organization provide guidance alongside national authorities like Transport Canada and Civil Aviation Safety Authority (Australia). Certification draws on test programs at facilities such as Edwards Air Force Base, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and university testbeds at Georgia Institute of Technology and Purdue University.
Safety strategies mirror protocols from National Transportation Safety Board investigations and aviation safety programs employed by British Airways, Lufthansa, and Emirates. Cybersecurity measures reference frameworks from National Institute of Standards and Technology and collaborations with firms like Microsoft and Cisco Systems. Threat scenarios incorporate lessons from incidents involving Air France Flight 447 and Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 in shaping redundancy, detect-and-avoid systems, and resilient communications led by Iridium Communications and Inmarsat. Emergency response coordination engages agencies such as Federal Emergency Management Agency and NATO civil protection mechanisms.
Environmental assessments compare lifecycle emissions drawing on work by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and national environmental agencies including the United States Environmental Protection Agency, European Environment Agency, and Ministry of Ecology and Environment (China). Economic modeling references labor and capital studies from institutions like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and considers market entrants from Toyota Motor Corporation and Hyundai Motor Company exploring air mobility. Impacts on noise profile, urban land use, and energy grids involve inputs from utilities such as National Grid plc and research at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Public acceptance efforts draw on community engagement models used by United Nations, World Health Organization, and civic outreach during infrastructure projects in cities like San Francisco, Paris, Seoul, and Hong Kong. Urban integration addresses multimodal planning with agencies like Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York) and Transport for London, and considers equity and accessibility concerns highlighted by advocacy groups such as American Civil Liberties Union and World Wildlife Fund. Demonstration programs and pilot deployments have been staged with partners including Los Angeles World Airports, NHTSA, and municipal governments in Melbourne and Austin, Texas.