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| Aduanas de Chile | |
|---|---|
| Agency name | Aduanas de Chile |
| Nativename | Servicio Nacional de Aduanas |
| Formed | 1975 |
| Jurisdiction | Santiago, Chile |
| Headquarters | Santiago Metropolitan Region |
| Chief1 position | Director Nacional |
| Parent agency | Ministerio de Hacienda (Chile) |
Aduanas de Chile is the Chilean customs authority responsible for regulating imports and exports, collecting duties, and facilitating trade through ports, airports and land borders. The agency operates within a framework shaped by national legislation and international treaties, interacting with ministries, tribunals, and intergovernmental organizations to implement border controls and fiscal policies. Its activities intersect with commerce, public administration, and international relations, engaging with multiple ports, airports, and border crossings across Chile.
The institutional origins trace to 19th-century fiscal reforms under figures like Diego Portales and administrations such as Manuel Bulnes Prieto, evolving through administrations including José Joaquín Pérez and Arturo Alessandri Palma. During the 20th century, reforms in the era of Pedro Aguirre Cerda and Gabriel González Videla adapted customs to industrialization and Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe influences. The 1975 reorganization under the Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990) and subsequent policy shifts during the Transition to democracy in Chile aligned the service with neoliberal trade policies promoted by leaders like Augusto Pinochet and overseen by Ministerio de Hacienda (Chile). Later administrations, including those of Patricio Aylwin and Ricardo Lagos, pursued modernization tied to trade liberalization and integration into agreements like Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Chile y Estados Unidos and membership in Comunidad Andina processes. The 21st century saw digitalization drives influenced by cross-border initiatives from Organización Mundial de Aduanas, Banco Mundial, and regional projects linked to Mercado Común del Sur negotiations and bilateral accords with China and Unión Europea.
Aduanas de Chile is structured with central directorates and regional services aligned to major nodes such as Puerto de Valparaíso, Aeropuerto Internacional Arturo Merino Benítez, and frontier posts like Paso Internacional Los Libertadores. The hierarchy involves a national director, internal audit units, legal advisory teams and operational directorates that coordinate with agencies including Servicio de Impuestos Internos (Chile), Policía de Investigaciones de Chile, and Carabineros de Chile. Regional administrations correspond to macrozones covering Antofagasta Region, Biobío Region, Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region and southern corridors that interface with Argentina and Perú border authorities. Specialized units liaise with ports such as Puerto de San Antonio, customs warehouses in Valdivia, and air cargo terminals in Iquique.
The agency enforces tariff collection, classification of goods under the Harmonized System, and valuation aligned with standards from the Organización Mundial de Aduanas and Acuerdo sobre Valoración en Aduana. It administers customs procedures for trade agreements like Tratado de Libre Comercio de la Alianza del Pacífico and enforces prohibitions listed in codes influenced by the Código Penal de Chile and regulations from Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (Chile) and Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile. Responsibilities include fiscal control, prevention of contraband linked to criminal statutes adjudicated by Corte Suprema de Chile and coordination of forfeiture with prosecutors from the Ministerio Público de Chile. The service also issues authorizations tied to conventions such as the Convenio de Kyoto for environmental goods and adheres to disaster response protocols with Onemi.
Primary mandates derive from statutes enacted by the Congreso Nacional de Chile including the Customs Law and successive decrees promulgated by the Presidency of Chile. Normative instruments reference multilateral accords like Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio obligations and bilateral treaties with partners such as Estados Unidos, China, Japón and Canadá. Administrative litigation involving customs appeals proceeds before courts like the Corte de Apelaciones de Santiago and involves regulations from agencies including Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura for maritime consignments. Compliance frameworks draw on guidance from Comisión Europea cooperation projects, standards from Organización Mundial de la Salud for sanitary controls and directives from Organización Marítima Internacional for port security.
Operational activities deploy inspection regimes at gateways like Puerto Montt, Puerto Williams, Aeropuerto Carriel Sur and land crossings such as Chacalluta. Controls address smuggling, narcotics interdiction in coordination with Policía de Investigaciones de Chile and transnational crime units connected to INTERPOL operations. The service participates in joint operations with Aduana Argentina counterparts at crossings including Paso de Jama and engages in port security initiatives aligned with the Código de Conducta Marítima Internacional and Convenio SOLAS. Procedures encompass container examinations in terminals operated by companies like A.P. Moller–Maersk and logistics hubs used by freight forwarders such as DHL and Kuehne + Nagel.
Modernization introduced electronic systems interoperable with platforms like the Sistema Integrado de Comercio Exterior and customs software influenced by standards from the Organización Mundial de Aduanas Data Model. E-declaration tools interface with carriers including LATAM Airlines, shipping lines such as MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company and freight operators like CMA CGM, while risk management frameworks adapt methodologies from Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. Forensic laboratories coordinate with Servicio Médico Legal de Chile for seized goods analysis, and blockchain pilot projects have been tested alongside technology firms and academic partners such as Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Aduanas de Chile engages in cooperative mechanisms with bodies including Organización Mundial de Aduanas, Banco Mundial, Fondo Monetario Internacional, and regional partners in Comunidad Andina and Alianza del Pacífico. Bilateral arrangements exist with Aduana Argentina, Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria (Perú), Servicio de Administración Tributaria (México) and customs administrations in Brasil, Colombia and Uruguay. Participation in trade facilitation dialogues links the agency to projects led by Unión Europea assistance programs and technical cooperation with Japón and Estados Unidos agencies to harmonize procedures, improve risk analysis and combat illicit trade coordinated via forums like Foro Regional de Cooperación Aduanera.
Category:Public administration of Chile Category:Customs services