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| AdS/CMT | |
|---|---|
| Name | AdS/CMT |
| Field | Theoretical physics |
| Introduced | 2007 |
| Key people | Juan Maldacena; Subir Sachdev; Sean Hartnoll; Christopher Herzog; Gary Horowitz; Steven Gubser |
| Institutions | Princeton University; Harvard University; Stanford University; University of Cambridge; Perimeter Institute |
| Related | AdS/CFT Correspondence; Holographic principle; Condensed matter physics |
AdS/CMT
AdS/CMT is an interdisciplinary research program applying ideas from AdS/CFT correspondence and the holographic principle to problems in condensed matter physics, aiming to model phenomena in systems studied at Bell Labs, IBM Research, Los Alamos National Laboratory, CERN and university groups such as Harvard University, Princeton University, and Stanford University. It connects techniques from string theory, general relativity, and quantum field theory with experimental questions arising in studies at Cambridge University and Perimeter Institute, influencing work related to Nobel Prize in Physics level topics and fostering collaborations with researchers associated with Simons Foundation and DOE.
The program adapts the Anti-de Sitter space/Conformal field theory framework to model strongly correlated phenomena in materials investigated at Bell Labs, Max Planck Society, and MIT. Using gravitational duals in spacetimes with an event horizon and bulk fields inspired by supergravity and string theory, it constructs toy models intended to capture qualitative features seen in experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory. Proponents include groups at Harvard University, Princeton University, Stanford University, Cambridge University, and researchers awarded prizes such as the Breakthrough Prize.
Motivation traces to the 1997 proposal by Juan Maldacena connecting type IIB string theory on AdS5 × S5 to N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory at Princeton University and spurred work by Edward Witten, Steven Gubser, and Alexander Polyakov. Early efforts to apply holography to condensed matter problems arose in the mid-2000s with contributions from Subir Sachdev, Sean Hartnoll, Christopher Herzog, and Gary Horowitz, motivated by puzzles at Bell Labs and anomalies in experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Conferences at institutions like Perimeter Institute and workshops organized by Simons Foundation accelerated cross-fertilization between communities associated with Harvard University, Stanford University, and Cambridge University.
Constructed models use bulk actions inspired by Einstein–Maxwell theory, scalar fields from supergravity, and brane setups originating in D-brane constructions studied at CERN and Institute for Advanced Study. Common prototypes include holographic metals and insulators built from charged black holes with scalar hair analyzed by researchers at Princeton University and University of Cambridge. Techniques borrow from renormalization group ideas familiar to groups at MIT and Harvard University, and leverage analytic methods developed by Edward Witten and numerical relativity methods advanced at Caltech.
Holographic superconductors emulate symmetry-breaking phenomena paralleling observations at Bell Labs and IBM Research by coupling charged scalars to bulk gauge fields, inspired by work of Sean Hartnoll, Christopher Herzog, and Gary Horowitz. These models reproduce mean-field critical exponents similar to those cataloged by Landau and experimentalists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and have been used to study phase diagrams reminiscent of those explored at Max Planck Society and Cambridge University. Extensions incorporate lattice effects motivated by engineering groups at Argonne National Laboratory and disorder studied by researchers connected with Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Holographic constructions model quantum critical points relevant to materials investigated at Brookhaven National Laboratory and Bell Labs, providing dual descriptions for non-Fermi liquid behavior and strange metal phases seen in experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Cambridge University. Models with Lifshitz scaling and hyperscaling violation, developed by theorists tied to Princeton University and Harvard University, reproduce scaling laws reminiscent of data from Stanford University and Max Planck Society labs. Connections have been drawn between holographic transport bounds and observations reported by collaborations affiliated with Simons Foundation.
Transport coefficients such as electrical conductivity and shear viscosity computed in holographic models invoke the membrane paradigm used in black hole thermodynamics research at Caltech and Perimeter Institute. The ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density identified by Policastro, Son, and Starinets informed bounds discussed at meetings at CERN and Brookhaven National Laboratory. Holographic entanglement entropy formulas by Ryu and Takayanagi have been applied to study entanglement structure in systems probed at Harvard University and Stanford University, intersecting work on quantum information at Institute for Advanced Study.
Critiques emphasize the gap between toy models and materials studied at Bell Labs, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and note mismatches in microscopic degrees of freedom compared to systems at Max Planck Society and Cambridge University. Open problems include constructing top-down embeddings in specific string theory compactifications pioneered by Juan Maldacena and Edward Witten, reconciling holographic spectra with those measured at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and developing controlled holographic duals for lattice systems of interest to IBM Research and Argonne National Laboratory. Continued dialogue among researchers at Princeton University, Harvard University, Stanford University, Perimeter Institute, and national laboratories aims to clarify applicability and derive testable predictions for experiments associated with the Nobel Prize in Physics community.