Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti
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| Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti | |
|---|---|
| Name | Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti |
| Date | 2010 |
| Country | Haiti |
| Authors | René Préval government, World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, United Nations |
| Purpose | Reconstruction after 2010 2010 Haiti earthquake |
Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti The Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti was a post-disaster reconstruction framework launched after the 2010 Haiti earthquake to guide national rebuilding, economic revitalization, and institutional reform. The plan brought together the administration of René Préval, international actors such as the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the United Nations system including MINUSTAH, and bilateral partners like the United States and Canada to coordinate relief, reconstruction, and development interventions. It proposed priorities across shelter, infrastructure, livelihoods, public services, and governance while seeking to align with frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework for Action and the Millennium Development Goals.
Background and Context
The plan emerged in the aftermath of the magnitude 7.0 event centered near Port-au-Prince that devastated municipalities including Pétion-Ville, Gressier, and Jacmel, overwhelmed institutions such as the Haitian National Police and Ministère de l'Intérieur et des Collectivités Territoriales (Haiti), and prompted international mobilization by actors like USAID, European Commission, Médecins Sans Frontières, and International Committee of the Red Cross. Haiti's pre-existing challenges—rooted in histories of intervention involving France, United States occupation of Haiti (1915–1934), and institutions such as the Banque de la République d'Haïti—shaped priorities. The catastrophe intersected with ongoing efforts by NGOs including Partners In Health, academic partners such as Columbia University and Harvard University, and donor coordination mechanisms like the Clinton Foundation-facilitated initiatives.
Strategic Objectives and Principles
The plan articulated strategic objectives aligned with priorities championed by leaders including René Préval and international figures at the Donors' Conference for Haiti (2010), emphasizing resilient reconstruction, equitable recovery, and institutional capacity-building. It invoked principles promoted by multilateral institutions such as International Monetary Fund and United Nations Development Programme including transparency, local ownership, decentralization to departments like Ouest, and disaster risk reduction consistent with United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Commitments referenced international norms like the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action to coordinate actors such as Inter-American Development Bank and Caribbean Development Bank.
Economic Reconstruction and Job Creation
Economic measures in the plan targeted revitalization of sectors including agriculture in regions like Artibonite, small and medium enterprises in Port-au-Prince, and tourism in destinations such as Jacmel and Cap-Haïtien, leveraging financing instruments used by the World Bank and International Finance Corporation. Proposed interventions drew on programs from USAID and initiatives introduced by the Clinton-Bush Haiti Fund to stimulate employment through public works, cash-for-work schemes administered in coordination with United Nations Development Programme and microfinance providers like Kiva and Fonkoze. Trade and investment policy reforms referenced engagement with Caribbean Community and Organization of American States dialogues and aimed to integrate Haiti more fully into supply chains associated with partners such as Dominican Republic and United States trade partners.
Infrastructure, Housing, and Urban Planning
Reconstruction plans prioritized rebuilding of critical infrastructure—transport networks including Toussaint Louverture International Airport, port facilities at Port-au-Prince Harbor, water and sanitation systems serving communes such as Cité Soleil—and housing for displaced populations concentrated in spontaneous camps. Urban planning proposals referred to international models from UN-Habitat and the World Bank urban programs, advocating seismic-resilient construction standards informed by lessons from the Loma Prieta earthquake and partnerships with engineering institutions like American Society of Civil Engineers. Land tenure and property restitution required legal frameworks tied to institutions such as the Cour de Cassation (Haiti) and coordination with cadastral efforts supported by MINUSTAH and bilateral technical assistance.
Governance, Security, and Rule of Law
The plan underscored strengthening institutions such as the Haitian National Police and judicial bodies including the Supreme Court of Haiti while enhancing anti-corruption mechanisms modeled on practices from the World Bank and Transparency International. Security and stabilization strategies coordinated with MINUSTAH mandates and sought to bolster civil administration in departments like Nord and Sud-Est through capacity-building programs with partners including United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Electoral integrity and public administration reform involved engagement with the Provisional Electoral Council (Haiti) and rule-of-law assistance from international legal missions.
Social Services: Health, Education, and Social Protection
Health system rebuilding emphasized restoration of hospitals such as the Hôpital de l'Université d'État d'Haïti, vaccination campaigns supported by World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization, and cholera response measures coordinated with Médecins Sans Frontières and CDC. Education reconstruction targeted schools in communes like Delmas with curricula supported by UNICEF and teacher training partnerships with universities including Université d'État d'Haïti. Social protection measures referenced cash-transfer pilots financed by donors like the Inter-American Development Bank and International Labour Organization programs to protect vulnerable households in rural arrondissements and urban neighborhoods.
Implementation, Financing, Monitoring, and Evaluation
Implementation frameworks combined national planning by ministries such as the Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances (Haiti) with donor coordination mechanisms led by institutions including the World Bank and United Nations Development Programme, and oversight from multilateral forums like the G8 and donor conferences hosted by Brazil and Canada. Financing blended grants, concessional loans from the International Monetary Fund and Inter-American Development Bank, and private investment mobilized through entities like the International Finance Corporation, while monitoring relied on indicators aligned with the Millennium Development Goals and evaluation protocols used by OECD Development Assistance Committee. Accountability mechanisms referenced civil society actors such as Fondation Connaissance et Liberté and media outlets including Radio Télévision Caraïbes to track progress and promote transparency.