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| Academia Nacional de Ciencias Morales y Políticas | |
|---|---|
| Name | Academia Nacional de Ciencias Morales y Políticas |
| Founded | 19th century |
| Headquarters | Capital city |
| Leader title | President |
Academia Nacional de Ciencias Morales y Políticas is a national learned society dedicated to the study and promotion of moral philosophy, political theory, jurisprudence, and public ethics. Founded in the 19th century, the institution has interacted with prominent figures and institutions across Latin America and Europe, engaging with traditions represented by thinkers associated with Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, Alexis de Tocqueville, Thomas Aquinas and legal theorists linked to Hugo Grotius, Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham and Hans Kelsen. The academy has been a forum where statesmen, jurists, clerics, and scholars such as Simón Bolívar, José Martí, Juan Bautista Alberdi, Benito Juárez and Leopoldo Zea have intersected with intellectuals from institutions like Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Chile, Oxford University, Sorbonne University and Harvard University.
The academy traces antecedents to salons and intellectual societies contemporaneous with the Latin American independence era and mid-19th century constitutional debates involving actors from Congress of Angostura, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Concordat of 1851 and episodes such as the Reform War. Its formal establishment responded to constitutional reform movements influenced by jurists from Spain, France and Italy and by political figures connected to Rosas, Porfirio Díaz, Maximilian I of Mexico, Antonio López de Santa Anna and Juan Manuel de Rosas. During the 20th century the academy engaged with comparative debates involving Ludwig Wittgenstein, Karl Popper, Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault and legal reformers active in the aftermath of events such as the Mexican Revolution, the Chilean coup d'état of 1973, the Argentine Dirty War and regional processes at the Summit of the Americas. The academy’s archives document exchanges with international organizations including the League of Nations, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and regional courts like the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
The academy states goals oriented toward advancing deliberation between proponents of traditions associated with Aristotle, Plato, Stoicism and modern exponents such as John Rawls, Robert Nozick, Friedrich Hayek and Amartya Sen. It aims to provide advisory opinions to legislatures and executive bodies including offices modeled on Parliament of the United Kingdom, Congress of the United States, National Congress of Argentina, Constitutional Court of Colombia and ministries patterned after Ministry of Justice (France), while fostering dialogue with civil society organizations like Amnesty International, Transparency International, Human Rights Watch and think tanks such as Brookings Institution, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and The Heritage Foundation.
Governance follows a council model influenced by academies such as Académie Française, Royal Society, Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences and American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The academy is led by an elected president with vice-presidents and a permanent secretariat that liaises with commissions on topics tied to tribunals and doctrinal bodies including Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court of Italy, European Court of Human Rights and regional parliamentary bodies like the Andean Parliament. Committees reflect comparative fields with chairs drawn from faculties at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad de Salamanca, University of Cambridge and research centers such as Center for Constitutional Rights, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas and Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences.
Membership comprises full fellows, corresponding members and honorary members drawn from jurists, philosophers, statespersons and clerics aligned with institutions like Supreme Court of Justice, International Criminal Court, Vatican State, Banco de la República (Colombia) and universities including Yale University, Stanford University and El Colegio de México. Notable historical members and correspondents have included constitutional drafters comparable to Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, prominent jurists in the lineage of Rufino José Cuervo, social reformers linked to Gabriel García Márquez’s circle, and diplomats analogous to Óscar Arias Sánchez, Raúl Prebisch, Carlos Andrés Pérez and scholars related to Octavio Paz and Mario Vargas Llosa.
The academy organizes lectures, symposia and colloquia with formats resembling events at World Economic Forum, Pax Americana conferences, International Political Science Association meetings and regional congresses like the Ibero-American Summit. It runs advisory workshops for legislative commissions patterned after those at the Inter-Parliamentary Union, sponsors moot tribunals in the style of Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, and hosts summer schools partnering with institutions such as King's College London, Columbia University and Universidad de São Paulo. Public programs have featured debates referencing works by Niccolò Machiavelli, Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and commentators from The Economist and Foreign Affairs.
The academy publishes a peer-reviewed journal comparable to The American Journal of International Law and series of monographs akin to those from Cambridge University Press and Oxford University Press, plus policy briefs distributed to entities such as Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Organization of American States and Pan American Health Organization. Editorial collaborations have included contributors from Princeton University Press, Routledge, MIT Press and regional publishers like Fondo de Cultura Económica. Collected proceedings preserve lectures on texts from Plato's Republic, Kant's Groundwork, Mill's On Liberty and analyses influenced by Rawls's A Theory of Justice.
The academy’s influence is visible in constitutional reforms, juridical opinions and advisory reports cited by courts including the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and national tribunals such as the Supreme Court of Argentina; its experts have contributed to policy debates involving leaders comparable to Evo Morales, Michelle Bachelet, Alberto Fujimori and Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Criticism has come from political movements and scholars affiliated with Dependency theory, Neoliberalism critics, Marxist intellectual circles, student groups linked to Tlatelolco protests and activists associated with organizations like Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra and Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, who argue the academy sometimes reflects élite networks similar to critiques aimed at Club de Madrid and Trilateral Commission.
Category:Learned societies