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| ASTM D1655 | |
|---|---|
| Name | ASTM D1655 |
| Caption | Aviation turbine fuels standard |
| Status | Active |
| Organization | ASTM International |
| First published | 1940s |
| Latest revision | 2020s |
| Domain | Aviation; Fuel standards |
ASTM D1655 ASTM D1655 is a widely used standard specification that defines requirements for aviation turbine fuels, used in aircraft such as Boeing 737, Airbus A320, Lockheed Martin F-22, and Sukhoi Su-57. The standard is maintained by ASTM International committees and is referenced by organizations including Federal Aviation Administration, European Union Aviation Safety Agency, International Civil Aviation Organization, United States Department of Defense, and major fuel suppliers like Shell plc and BP plc. It provides compositional, physical, and performance criteria adopted across commercial, military, and general aviation sectors.
ASTM D1655 specifies requirements intended to ensure safe, reliable operation of turbine engines in civil aviation and military aviation. The scope covers jet fuels used by airframes manufactured by companies such as Boeing, Airbus, Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, and Bombardier Aerospace. The purpose aligns with safety and interoperability objectives endorsed by regulatory bodies like the Federal Aviation Administration and European Union Aviation Safety Agency and is integrated into procurement by entities including the United States Department of Defense and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization logistics frameworks.
The specification details chemical and physical composition parameters for fuels derived from crude oil and synthetic processes often involving companies such as ExxonMobil, Chevron Corporation, and TotalEnergies. It includes acceptable concentrations of hydrocarbons, additives from suppliers like Clariant and Afton Chemical, and limits for contaminants referenced against analytical laboratories such as Intertek and Bureau Veritas. Composition metrics relate to distillation characteristics used in refineries operated by corporations including Valero Energy Corporation and Phillips 66.
ASTM D1655 defines commonly used grades such as Jet A, Jet A-1, and Jet B that are employed by carriers like Delta Air Lines, Lufthansa, and Emirates. It specifies properties including freeze point relevant to polar operations of Airbus A380 and Antonov An-124, flash point important for ground handling at hubs like Heathrow Airport and Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, and thermal stability critical for long-range aircraft such as Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Airbus A350. The standard addresses volatility, viscosity, sulfur content, and energy density metrics cited by engine manufacturers like General Electric and Rolls-Royce Holdings.
Production practices referenced in the standard are implemented at refineries and blending terminals operated by ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, and national oil companies such as Saudi Aramco and Rosneft. Quality control measures include sampling, batch testing, and documentation aligned with certification schemes from organizations like International Organization for Standardization and testing services provided by institutions such as National Institute of Standards and Technology. Supply chain controls tie into airport fueling operations managed by companies like World Fuel Services and Shell Aviation.
The standard informs handling procedures adopted by airport operators like Heathrow Airport Holdings, military installations including Andrews Air Force Base, and airline ground services such as Swissport International. Safety guidance intersects with emergency response frameworks referenced by organizations like the National Transportation Safety Board and occupational agencies such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Handling topics cover storage tank management at depots operated by Kinder Morgan, Inc., contamination prevention, and procedures used during refueling of fleets like United States Air Force and commercial operators.
ASTM D1655 prescribes test methods and performance criteria that laboratories accredited by American Association for Laboratory Accreditation and laboratories at engine manufacturers including Pratt & Whitney must follow. Tests include freeze point determination, flash point assessment, distillation curves, and particulate contamination limits. Performance requirements are designed to ensure compatibility with avionics and fuel systems in aircraft types produced by Bombardier Aerospace and Dassault Aviation, and to meet operational conditions in regions governed by authorities such as Civil Aviation Administration of China and Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India).
The specification is referenced in regulations and guidance from agencies like the Federal Aviation Administration, European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and International Civil Aviation Organization, and is adopted in procurement policies by airlines including United Airlines and Qatar Airways. It influences national standards bodies such as British Standards Institution and Standards Australia and is integrated into military fuel standards like those used by the United States Department of Defense. Industry consortia such as the Air Transport Action Group and fuel producer alliances rely on ASTM D1655 for harmonization of aviation fuel quality.
Category:Fuels Category:Standards