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| APS-U | |
|---|---|
| Name | Advanced Photon Source Upgrade |
| Caption | Synchrotron light source facility upgrade |
| Location | Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois |
| Established | 2018 (project start) |
| Type | Synchrotron radiation facility (upgrade) |
| Operator | U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science |
APS-U
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) is a major modernization of a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility at Argonne National Laboratory near Lemont, Illinois. It refits the storage ring and injector systems to deliver ultra-bright, high-coherence hard X-ray beams for researchers from United States Department of Energy, national laboratories, universities such as University of Chicago and technical institutes including Illinois Institute of Technology. The project is coordinated with partners including XSD (Photon Sciences), industrial vendors, and international collaborators from facilities like European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Diamond Light Source, and SPring-8.
APS-U replaces elements of the original Advanced Photon Source to achieve diffraction-limited performance comparable to facilities like MAX IV and NSLS-II. The upgrade targets improvements in brightness and coherence to enable experiments that previously required free-electron lasers such as Linac Coherent Light Source and European XFEL. Stakeholders include the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, user communities drawn from Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and international partners like CERN and KEK. Funding, oversight, and reviews have involved agencies such as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and advisory committees including the Basic Energy Sciences program.
The APS-U redesign replaces the original storage ring lattice with a multi-bend achromat lattice influenced by designs at ESRF-EBS and MAX IV Laboratory. Key technical goals include reducing emittance to near the diffraction limit, increasing spectral brightness, and improving beam stability to support beamlines operated by groups from Columbia University, University of California, Berkeley, Princeton University, Yale University, Northwestern University, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, and University of Michigan. Engineering partners such as ANL divisions, industrial contractors, and equipment suppliers collaborated on vacuum chambers, magnets, and power supplies used by teams from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory. The upgrade also integrates advanced control systems similar to those developed at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Paul Scherrer Institute.
APS-U employs a 7-bend achromat or hybrid multi-bend architecture inspired by innovations at SOLEIL and SPring-8-II. The design leverages ultra-low-emittance magnets, compact insertion devices from vendors collaborating with Diamond Light Source, and high-performance radiofrequency systems akin to those at European XFEL. Injector upgrades include a modernized linear accelerator and booster synchrotron with improvements drawing on experience from PEFP and ALBA. Beam dynamics research has engaged theorists and experimentalists from Cornell University, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Duke University, Rutgers University, and computational groups at Argonne National Laboratory itself. Diagnostics and feedback systems parallel developments at NSLS-II and integrate instrumentation from suppliers who support experiments at SLAC and DESY.
APS-U enables a new generation of beamlines for hard X-ray imaging, coherent diffraction, spectroscopy, and time-resolved studies used by investigators from Johns Hopkins University, University of California, San Diego, University of Texas at Austin, University of Pennsylvania, California Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Purdue University. Planned beamlines support techniques such as nano-tomography, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure, and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering—methods also implemented at ESRF and APS predecessor beamlines. User collaborations include industrial research from companies partnering with Argonne and technology transfer involving Department of Energy national laboratories including Oak Ridge and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Detector and data systems draw on initiatives at European XFEL, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, and data science teams at University of California, Irvine and Indiana University.
Construction phases engaged civil engineering firms, magnet manufacturers, and vacuum technology companies with oversight from bodies such as the U.S. Department of Energy and reviews by panels including experts from Brookhaven National Laboratory and SLAC. Deinstallation of legacy components paralleled commissioning strategies used during upgrades at ESRF and SPring-8. Commissioning involved beam studies referencing methods developed at NSLS-II, with beam characterization by teams from Argonne and visiting scientists from University of Manchester, University of Oxford, ETH Zurich, and University of Tokyo. Safety and regulatory compliance were coordinated with State of Illinois authorities and internal laboratories including Argonne Environmental Safety and Health programs.
The upgraded facility supports a peer-reviewed user program managed by Argonne National Laboratory with proposal evaluation panels including academics from Princeton, MIT, Stanford, Yale, Columbia, and international reviewers from ESRF and Diamond Light Source. Scheduling, beamtime allocation, and sample environments are coordinated with instrument scientists and facility staff, and training programs involve collaborations with universities such as University of Illinois Chicago and professional societies including the American Physical Society and Materials Research Society. Core operations teams coordinate with computing centers and data archival services similar to those at NERSC and XSEDE.
APS-U aims to advance research in materials science, chemistry, biology, energy research, and nanoelectronics with contributions from investigators at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Bell Labs, Toyota Research Institute, Boeing Research & Technology, Pfizer, and academic groups from University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Colorado Boulder, Brown University, Rice University, University of Maryland, McMaster University, and University of Toronto. Anticipated breakthroughs mirror discoveries enabled by predecessors like Advanced Photon Source, NSLS-II, and Diamond Light Source in areas such as battery materials, catalysis, protein crystallography, and quantum materials, supporting initiatives by agencies including National Institutes of Health and programs such as Energy Frontier Research Centers.
Category:Synchrotron radiation facilities