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| APCO-25 | |
|---|---|
| Name | APCO-25 |
| Other names | Project 25, P25 |
| Developer | Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International |
| Initial release | 1989 |
| Latest release | 2015 |
| Status | Active |
APCO-25. APCO-25 is a digital two-way radio standard used for public safety, emergency services, and mission-critical communications in North America and elsewhere. The standard defines air interfaces, network interfaces, and interoperability protocols for trunked and conventional systems across agencies such as Federal Communications Commission, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security, New York City Police Department, and Los Angeles Fire Department. APCO-25 enables voice and data services for organizations including United States Secret Service, United States Coast Guard, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Toronto Police Service, and Chicago Fire Department.
APCO-25 specifies a family of standards developed by Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International with contributions from Telecommunications Industry Association, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Public Safety Telecommunications Council, International Telecommunication Union, and vendors like Motorola Solutions, Harris Corporation, Thales Group, EF Johnson Technologies, and Kenwood Corporation. The suite addresses needs of agencies such as Los Angeles Police Department, New York Fire Department, San Francisco Police Department, Boston Police Department, and Philadelphia Police Department for interoperability during incidents like Hurricane Katrina, 9/11 attacks, Northridge earthquake, and Hurricane Sandy. It supports voice, short data, status, and emergency signaling across architectures used by State of California, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Province of Ontario, and metropolitan areas like Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D.C..
The standard defines 9600 bps and 1200 bps vocoders, channel access, and modulation including C4FM, CQPSK, and H-DQPSK used by systems deployed by Motorola Solutions and Harris Corporation. Radio channelization follows allocations from the Federal Communications Commission and uses bandwidths such as 12.5 kHz and 6.25 kHz, compatible with spectrum plans in regions like United States, Canada, and Australia. Layered elements reference protocols similar to those standardized by International Organization for Standardization, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 3rd Generation Partnership Project, and the Internet Engineering Task Force for transport and signaling.
APCO-25 includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 air interfaces, trunking control channel protocols, and data link layers enabling features like group call, individual call, emergency call, and status messaging used by agencies such as New York Police Department and Chicago Police Department. Phase 1 uses 12.5 kHz FDMA while Phase 2 adopts 2-slot TDMA for spectral efficiency favored by agencies including Los Angeles Police Department and Toronto Police Service. The suite integrates with interoperability frameworks like Project 25 Compliance Assessment Program, uses network management concepts from Open Systems Interconnection, and supports dispatch console interfaces used by vendors such as EF Johnson Technologies and Motorola Solutions.
Equipment implementing the standard ranges from portable handsets and mobile radios to infrastructure elements like repeaters, base stations, and dispatch consoles manufactured by Motorola Solutions, Harris Corporation, Thales Group, Kenwood Corporation, and Hytera Communications. Large-scale networks include statewide systems for State of Texas, State of Florida, State of New York, and cross-border implementations involving Royal Canadian Mounted Police coordination with Province of Ontario authorities. Deployments feature integration with computerized systems used by agencies like Los Angeles Fire Department and San Francisco Fire Department for AVL, records systems, and incident management.
Interoperability is achieved through common air interfaces, bridging solutions, and standards bodies including Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International, Telecommunications Industry Association, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and National Telecommunications and Information Administration. Interop efforts involve multi-jurisdictional exercises with participants such as FEMA, Department of Homeland Security, United States Coast Guard, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and municipal agencies in cities like Chicago, Washington, D.C., and New York City. Compliance testing is governed by programs like Project 25 Compliance Assessment Program and certification schemes involving vendors such as Motorola Solutions and Harris Corporation.
The standard supports clear and encrypted modes using algorithms and key management schemes endorsed by National Institute of Standards and Technology and implemented in radios from Motorola Solutions, Harris Corporation, and Thales Group. Encryption implementations address secure voice for entities such as United States Secret Service, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and municipal police forces. Key management and interoperability for encrypted traffic involve policies and equipment coordinated with organizations like National Institute of Standards and Technology and Project 25 Compliance Assessment Program.
Development began in 1989 under the aegis of Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International following needs articulated by agencies including New York Police Department and Los Angeles Police Department. The project evolved through Phases 1 and 2 with contributions from vendors such as Motorola Solutions and Harris Corporation and input from standards bodies like Telecommunications Industry Association, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and International Telecommunication Union. Major deployments followed disasters like 9/11 attacks and Hurricane Katrina, prompting adoption by states such as State of California and State of Texas and by national agencies including Federal Emergency Management Agency and Department of Homeland Security. Continued development and conformance testing are overseen by Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International and certification programs like Project 25 Compliance Assessment Program.
Category:Radio standardsCategory:Public safety communications