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| 2011 Peruvian general election | |
|---|---|
| Election name | 2011 Peruvian general election |
| Country | Peru |
| Type | presidential and legislative |
| Previous election | 2006 Peruvian general election |
| Previous year | 2006 |
| Next election | 2016 Peruvian general election |
| Next year | 2016 |
| Election date | 10 April 2011 (first round); 5 June 2011 (runoff) |
2011 Peruvian general election was held to elect the President and members of the Congress of the Republic of Peru. The contest featured a crowded presidential field culminating in a runoff between Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori, with significant involvement from parties such as Peruvian Nationalist Party, Force 2011, Peruvian Aprista Party, and Alliance for the Great Change. The election occurred amid debates over social policy, resource extraction, and institutional reform involving actors like Alan García, Humedad social movements, and international observers including the Organization of American States.
The 2011 contest followed the presidency of Alan García (2006–2011) and the political resurgence of figures linked to the 1990s such as Alberto Fujimori and parties like Cambio 90. Economic expansion driven by mining projects involving firms tied to Compañía de Minas Buenaventura and multinationals intensified disputes with indigenous groups represented by organizations like the Confederación Nacional Agraria and activism linked to events in Bagua and protests in Cajamarca. Political fragmentation in the Congress of the Republic of Peru and scandals implicating ministers and allegations connected to the Vladivideos era recast debates on anti-corruption and judicial independence involving institutions such as the Defensoría del Pueblo and the Judiciary of Peru.
Presidential elections used a two-round system as established under the Constitution of Peru (1993). Members of the Congress of the Republic of Peru were elected by closed-list proportional representation in multi-member districts corresponding to Peru’s departments of Peru and the Lima Province, using the D'Hondt method for seat allocation. The electoral framework was administered by the Jurado Nacional de Elecciones and the Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales, with voter rolls maintained by the Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil and oversight by international missions including the European Union and the Organization of American States electoral observation teams.
The first-round field included candidates from established and emergent formations: Ollanta Humala led the Peruvian Nationalist Party and campaigned with figures like Susana Villarán and allies from the Gana Perú coalition; Keiko Fujimori headed Force 2011 and drew on the legacy of Alberto Fujimori and advisers linked to Kenji Fujimori; other notable contenders included Pedro Pablo Kuczynski of Alliance for the Great Change, former minister linked to World Bank and International Monetary Fund networks; Lourdes Flores representing the National Unity tradition; Alejandro Toledo of Possible Peru; and Rafael Rey of Force 2011 allies. Campaign themes brought in personalities and institutions such as Confiep, labor unions like the Peruvian Federation of Workers, indigenous leaders from the AIDESEP network, and media groups including El Comercio (Peru) and Diario Gestión. Debates staged by broadcasters and civic organizations involved moderators from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and commentary by academics from the Lima Bar Association.
Polling firms including IPSOS Peru, GfK affiliates, and national survey organizations produced divergent forecasts that highlighted volatility between Ollanta Humala, Keiko Fujimori, and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, with many models referencing voting patterns in regions such as Cusco Region, Loreto Region, and Ancash Region. Political analysts from institutions like the Peruvian Institute of Political Studies and foreign commentators in outlets referencing The Economist and Financial Times debated scenarios involving second-round coalitions, endorsements from figures such as Alan García and Alejandro Toledo, and the electoral impact of campaign events in Lima districts like San Isidro and El Agustino.
In the first round on 10 April, no candidate secured an absolute majority; Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori advanced to the runoff scheduled for 5 June. The Peruvian Nationalist Party and Force 2011 saw strong regional showings with Humala performing well in Andean and Amazonian departments and Fujimori dominating in urban districts, notably in Lima Province. Legislative results changed the composition of the Congress of the Republic of Peru with gains and losses among parties including Peruvian Aprista Party, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Force 2011, Alliance for the Great Change, and smaller groupings like Peru Posible allies. In the runoff, Ollanta Humala defeated Keiko Fujimori by a narrow margin to become President, while congressional balances required inter-party negotiations to form working majorities.
Following the inauguration of Ollanta Humala, cabinet formation involved balancing appointments from the Peruvian Nationalist Party, allies from social movements, and technocrats with ties to international finance such as former officials linked to the Inter-American Development Bank and World Bank. Legislative dynamics forced bargaining with parties including Alliance for the Great Change and regional blocs representing departments like Junín Region and Piura Region to pass initiatives on mining royalties and infrastructure projects supported by companies like Southern Copper Corporation. Judicial and human rights institutions including the Public Ministry (Peru) and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights monitored policy impacts, while former political figures such as Alberto Fujimori and Alan García continued to influence public debate through statements and party networks.
Category:Elections in Peru