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| Name | Wikipedia |
| Caption | The English Wikipedia main page in April 2025. |
| Type | Online encyclopedia |
| Language | 330+ active editions |
| Registration | Optional |
| Owner | Wikimedia Foundation |
| Author | Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger |
Wikipedia is a multilingual, web-based, free-content encyclopedia project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation and based on a model of openly editable content. It is the largest and most-read reference work in history, consistently ranking among the most popular websites globally. The project is characterized by its radical openness, allowing anyone with internet access to write and make changes to most articles, operating under a primarily volunteer model of content creation and moderation.
Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger as a complementary project for the expert-written, now-defunct Nupedia. The use of a wiki, pioneered by Ward Cunningham, enabled rapid collaborative growth, quickly surpassing its predecessor. Key early milestones included the creation of non-English editions like German Wikipedia and French Wikipedia, and the formation of the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation in 2003 to oversee the project. Significant events such as the 2012 blackout to protest the Stop Online Piracy Act and the COVID-19 information response highlighted its evolving societal role. The site has faced controversies, including the Seigenthaler biography incident and debates over systemic bias, but has maintained its core principles.
Wikipedia's content spans tens of millions of articles across topics like science, art, history, and biography. All text is released under a Creative Commons license, specifically the CC BY-SA license, and can be freely reused. The core software platform is MediaWiki, which supports features like article history, discussion pages, and page protection. Content is supplemented by media files hosted on Wikimedia Commons, and articles often include citations to reliable sources such as newspapers, academic journals, and books from publishers like Oxford University Press.
Editorial conduct is governed by core content policies: Verifiability requires information to be attributable to reliable published sources, No original research prohibits novel analysis, and Neutral point of view mandates balanced representation of significant viewpoints. Key behavioral guidelines include civility and assuming good faith in interactions. Processes like article deletion (notably through Articles for deletion debates) and conflict of interest disclosures help maintain integrity. These rules are developed and enforced by the community itself.
The Wikipedia community consists of millions of volunteer editors, ranging from casual contributors to dedicated administrators with advanced tools. Governance is largely decentralized, with consensus-driven discussions on project talk pages and formal policy pages. The Wikimedia Foundation provides legal, financial, and technical support but does not control content. Dispute resolution occurs through processes like mediation and, in extreme cases, arbitration by committees like the Arbitration Committee. Major collaborative events include WikiProjects and in-person meetups.
Wikipedia has had a profound impact on information access, education, and digital culture, being frequently cited by institutions like the BBC and used as a starting point for research in universities from Harvard to the University of Tokyo. It has received accolades such as a Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation. Criticisms have focused on potential vandalism, systemic biases regarding gender and geography, and reliability concerns, though studies in journals like *Nature* have found its scientific accuracy comparable to traditional encyclopedias like Encyclopædia Britannica. Its model has influenced projects like Citizendium and Google Knol.
Wikipedia is the flagship project of the Wikimedia Foundation, which operates numerous other free-knowledge initiatives. These include the dictionary Wiktionary, the quotation repository Wikiquote, the textbook collection Wikibooks, the news source Wikinews, the media repository Wikimedia Commons, and the structured knowledge base Wikidata. The technical infrastructure supporting all these projects is developed collaboratively on sites like MediaWiki and Phabricator. Together, they form the broader Wikimedia movement, supported by chapters like Wikimedia Deutschland.
Category:Online encyclopedias Category:Wikimedia Foundation projects Category:Internet properties established in 2001