Terengganu
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| Terengganu | |
|---|---|
| Name | Terengganu |
| Settlement type | State |
| Coordinates | 5, 00, N, 103... |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Malaysia |
| Established title | Founded |
| Established date | 1724 |
| Seat type | Capital |
| Seat | Kuala Terengganu |
| Leader title | Sultan |
| Leader name | Mizan Zainal Abidin |
| Leader title1 | Menteri Besar |
| Leader name1 | Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar |
| Area total km2 | 13035 |
| Population total | 1,280,000 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Timezone | Malaysian Standard Time |
| Utc offset | +8 |
| Postal code type | Postal code |
| Postal code | 20xxx to 24xxx |
| Area code | 09 |
| Website | [https://www.terengganu.gov.my/ www.terengganu.gov.my] |
Terengganu. It is a state in eastern Peninsular Malaysia, bordered by Kelantan to the northwest and Pahang to the southwest, with its coastline facing the South China Sea. The state capital is Kuala Terengganu, a major cultural and administrative hub. Known for its pristine beaches, rich Malay culture, and significant petroleum and natural gas resources, it is governed as a constitutional monarchy under the Sultan of Terengganu.
History
The region's early history is linked to the Srivijaya and Majapahit empires, with later influence from the Sultanate of Malacca. The modern sultanate was established in 1724 with Zainal Abidin I as its first ruler. In the 19th century, it became a Siamese vassal before accepting a British adviser under the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, formally becoming a British protectorate. Post-World War II, it was a founding member of the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and subsequently part of independent Malaysia in 1963. Significant historical sites include the Istana Maziah and the Terengganu Inscription Stone, a 14th-century artifact bearing the oldest known Jawi script in the Malay Archipelago.
Geography
The state features a diverse landscape with a long coastline along the South China Sea, famous for islands like Redang, Perhentian, and Kapas. Inland, the terrain rises to form the Titiwangsa Mountains, which include Gunung Tebu and border Kelantan and Pahang. Major river systems include the Terengganu River and the Dungun River, which flow through lush tropical rainforests. Protected areas include Lake Kenyir, Southeast Asia's largest man-made lake, and parts of the Taman Negara national park.
Demographics
The population is predominantly Malay, with significant minorities of Chinese, Indians, and indigenous groups such as the Orang Asli and the Siamese. Islam is the official religion, strongly influencing social and legal structures, as seen in the implementation of Sharia ordinances. The main urban centers are Kuala Terengganu, Chukai, and Dungun, while many reside in traditional *kampung* villages. The state dialect, Terengganu Malay, is distinct within the Malay linguistic continuum.
Economy
Historically reliant on fishing and agriculture, the economy was transformed by the discovery of offshore oil and natural gas fields in the 1970s, making it a key contributor to Petronas and national revenue. Major industrial projects are centered in Kerteh and Paka, which host petrochemical plants and liquefied natural gas facilities. Tourism is a growing sector, focused on ecotourism in areas like the Perhentian Islands and Redang Island, and cultural tourism in Kuala Terengganu. Traditional crafts, including songket weaving and brassware making, remain important cottage industries.
Culture
The state is a stronghold of traditional Malay culture, evident in its architecture, such as the Istana Maziah and the Crystal Mosque. It is renowned for its handwoven songket textiles and intricate brassware. Performing arts like Mak Yong, Ulek Mayang, and Dikir Barat are actively preserved. The annual Monsoon Cup international sailing regatta and the Terengganu International Squid Jigging Festival are notable events. Culinary specialties include Nasi Dagang, Keropok Lekor, and Sata. The Terengganu State Museum complex is one of the largest in Southeast Asia.
Government and politics
The state is a constitutional monarchy, with the Sultan of Terengganu, currently Mizan Zainal Abidin, as the head of state. Executive power is exercised by the Menteri Besar and the State Executive Council, based in Wisma Darul Iman in Kuala Terengganu. The legislature is the State Legislative Assembly. Historically a stronghold of the UMNO and the Barisan Nasional coalition, the state government has been led by the PAS under Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar since the 2018 state election. The state sends representatives to the Dewan Rakyat and the Dewan Negara in the Parliament of Malaysia.