State Great Khural

State Great Khural. It is the national parliament of Mongolia, functioning as a unicameral legislative body. Established by the 1992 Constitution of Mongolia, it succeeded the People's Great Khural of the Mongolian People's Republic. The assembly convenes in the State Great Khural Building in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and is the highest organ of state power, wielding supreme legislative authority.

History

The institution traces its origins to the first national assembly, the Mongolian State Baga Khural, convened in 1914 in Niislel Khüree. Following the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, the People's Great Khural was established under the influence of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. This body governed throughout the era of the Mongolian People's Republic, closely aligned with the Soviet Union. The democratic reforms of the 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia led to the adoption of a new constitution, which created the modern body, with its first elections held in 1992. Key historical sessions have addressed monumental shifts, including the transition from socialism and the affirmation of Mongolia's permanent neutrality.

Powers and duties

It holds extensive authority under the constitution, including the exclusive power to enact and amend laws, such as the Criminal Code of Mongolia. It approves the state budget and oversees its execution by the Government of Mongolia. The body ratifies international treaties and declarations of war and states of emergency. It appoints and dismisses high officials, including the Prime Minister of Mongolia upon nomination by the President of Mongolia, and members of the Constitutional Court of Mongolia. It also exercises oversight of the executive branch through questions and interpellations.

Structure and composition

It is a unicameral legislature composed of 76 members, known as deputies. The internal structure is defined by the Law on the State Great Khural. Deputies organize into formal factional groups based on political party affiliation, with the largest group typically forming the government. The legislative process is managed through a system of standing committees and plenary sessions. The physical seat of power is the dedicated State Great Khural Building, located in Sükhbaatar District, which houses the chamber and administrative offices.

Elections and membership

Deputies are elected for four-year terms through a Plurality voting system in multi-member constituencies. The most recent general election was the 2020 Mongolian legislative election, which resulted in a decisive victory for the Mongolian People's Party. Candidates must be Mongolian citizens at least 25 years of age. The electoral process is administered by the General Election Commission of Mongolia. Membership can be terminated by resignation, expulsion by a two-thirds vote for misconduct, or loss of electoral eligibility as determined by the Constitutional Court of Mongolia.

Leadership and committees

The presiding officer is the Chairman, elected from among the deputies, a position held by Gombojavyn Zandanshatar. Other key officers include the Vice Chairman and the Secretary. Substantive work is conducted in specialized standing committees, such as the State Structure Committee, the Budget Committee, and the Foreign Relations Committee. These committees review legislation, conduct hearings, and scrutinize government policy. The day-to-day administration is supported by the Secretariat of the State Great Khural, headed by the Secretary-General. Category:National legislatures Category:Government of Mongolia Category:Unicameral legislatures