Seoul

Seoul
Name	Seoul
Native name	서울특별시
Settlement type	Special City
Coordinates	37, 33, N, 126...
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	South Korea
Established title	Capital of Joseon
Established date	1394
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Oh Se-hoon
Area total km2	605.25
Population total	9,668,465
Population as of	2023
Population density km2	auto
Population metro	26,037,000 (Seoul Capital Area)
Timezone	Korea Standard Time
Utc offset	+9
Blank name	GDP (Nominal)
Blank info	US$ 456 billion (2022)
Blank1 name	HDI
Blank1 info	0.941 (2021)

Seoul. The capital and largest metropolis of South Korea, forming the heart of the Seoul Capital Area, one of the world's most populous metropolitan regions. It is a global hub for technology, culture, and finance, home to corporate giants like Samsung and Hyundai Motor Group, and historic sites including the Joseon Dynasty palaces of Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung.

History

The area's strategic importance was recognized early, with the Baekje kingdom establishing its capital, Wiryesong, in the region. It became the capital of the Joseon Dynasty in 1394 under King Taejo, who renamed it Hanyang. The city was largely destroyed during the Japanese invasions of the 1590s and again during the Korean War, particularly the Battle of Seoul. Following the armistice of 1953, rapid industrialization and modernization, often called the "Miracle on the Han River," transformed it into a global megacity, hosting major international events like the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 2010 G20 Seoul summit.

Geography

Situated on the Han River, the city is bordered by the Gyeonggi Province and the city of Incheon to the west. The landscape is characterized by mountains, including Bukhansan to the north and Gwanaksan to the south, with the historic Namsan near the center. Major districts are divided by the river, with Gangnam ("south of the river") and Gangbuk ("north of the river") representing distinct social and commercial zones. The Cheonggyecheon stream, once covered by a highway, has been restored as a prominent public park running through the Jongno District.

Demographics

With a population of nearly 10 million, it is one of the world's most densely populated major cities. The Seoul Capital Area is home to roughly half of South Korea's population. While historically homogeneous, the city has seen a growing number of foreign residents, with significant communities in areas like Itaewon and Ansan. The population is served by a vast network of institutions, including Seoul National University and the Asan Medical Center.

Government

As a Special City, it has an administrative status equal to a province. The current mayor is Oh Se-hoon. The Seoul Metropolitan Government operates from the Seoul City Hall complex, which includes a historic building and a modern, wave-like structure. The city is divided into 25 autonomous districts (*gu*), such as Gangnam, Jongno, and Yongsan, each with its own local office.

Economy

It is the economic engine of South Korea, generating a significant portion of the national GDP. The city is headquarters to numerous conglomerates, including Samsung, LG, and Hyundai Motor Group. Major financial districts are Yeouido, home to the Korea Exchange and the National Assembly, and Jongno, a traditional business center. The Digital Media City in Mapo District is a hub for tech and media companies, while Myeongdong is a premier retail and tourism district.

Culture

A dynamic cultural center, it blends ancient traditions with modern K-pop and Korean drama trends. Historic sites include Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), and the Jongmyo shrine. Contemporary culture thrives in districts like Hongdae, known for indie music and art, and Dongdaemun Design Plaza, a landmark designed by Zaha Hadid. Major institutions include the National Museum of Korea, the Seoul Arts Center, and the Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art.

Transport

It is served by an extensive and heavily used public transportation network. The Seoul Metropolitan Subway is one of the longest and busiest metro systems in the world, interconnected with the Korail national rail network and the Incheon International Airport Railroad. The city's main airports are Incheon International Airport, a major global hub, and Gimpo International Airport, primarily for domestic and regional flights. Major expressways and bridges, such as the Banpo Bridge, cross the Han River.

Category:Capitals in Asia Category:Populated places established in the 14th century Category:Special cities of South Korea