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Sacramento County

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Sacramento County
CountySacramento County
StateCalifornia
Founded1850
SeatSacramento
Largest citySacramento
Area total sq mi994.14
Area land sq mi965.41
Area water sq mi28.73
Population as of2020
Population total1,585,055
Population density sq mi1642.2
Time zonePacific
District6th
District27th
District38th

Sacramento County. Located in the heart of the Central Valley, it is the cultural, economic, and political core of the Sacramento metropolitan area. The county seat and largest city, Sacramento, serves as the capital of California and was a pivotal site during the California Gold Rush. Governed by a five-member Board of Supervisors, the county is a major hub for state government, health care, and technology, anchored by institutions like UC Davis Health and McClellan Air Force Base.

Geography

The county's terrain is defined by the confluence of the American River and the Sacramento River, which flow into the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. To the east, the landscape rises into the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, while the western portions consist of flat, fertile valley land. Significant waterways include the Cosumnes River and the Mokelumne River, and the region contains protected areas such as the Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. The climate is characterized as Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, influenced by its position inland from the San Francisco Bay.

Demographics

According to the 2020 United States Census, the population is highly diverse, with significant White, Hispanic or Latino, Asian, and Black communities. Major ancestries include those of German, Irish, and English descent. Languages spoken at home encompass Spanish, Hmong, Vietnamese, and Russian. Population centers are concentrated in cities like Sacramento, Elk Grove, and Citrus Heights, with Rancho Cordova being a notable hub.

Government

The county operates under a charter and is led by an elected Board of Supervisors, which appoints a County Executive. Key elected officials include the Sheriff-Coroner, the District Attorney, and the Assessor. The county government provides regional services and administers state programs, working in conjunction with incorporated cities like Folsom and Galt. It falls within multiple congressional districts and is part of the California State Senate and California State Assembly districts. Law enforcement is primarily the duty of the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department.

Economy

The economy is dominated by state government operations, with UC Davis Health and Sutter Health being major employers in the health sector. Technology and logistics firms are concentrated around McClellan Air Force Base and Sacramento International Airport. Agriculture remains vital in outlying areas, with crops like wine grapes, almonds, and tomatoes. The Port of Sacramento facilitates regional trade, while retail and commercial centers thrive in Arden-Arcade and Carmichael. Major corporations, including Intel and Apple, have significant operations.

History

The area was originally home to Nisenan and Plains Miwok peoples. The Spanish Empire claimed the land, with later exploration by Gabriel Moraga. John Sutter established Sutter's Fort in 1839, which became a central destination for immigrants via the California Trail. The 1848 discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill sparked the California Gold Rush, leading to the rapid incorporation of the City of Sacramento in 1850, the same year the county was formed. The First Transcontinental Railroad terminus at Sacramento solidified its importance, and the county was the site of the 1982 Air Florida Flight 90 memorial.

Education

Primary and secondary education is provided by numerous school districts, including the Sacramento City Unified School District and the Elk Grove Unified School District. Higher education is anchored by California State University, Sacramento and the renowned University of California, Davis, located just west in Yolo County. Other institutions include American River College, part of the Los Rios Community College District, and private colleges like McGeorge School of Law. The county is also served by the Sacramento Public Library system.

Category:Sacramento County, California Category:1850 establishments in California Category:Populated places established in 1850